Plus-tree Selection And Quality Analysis Of Camellia Oleifera In Mingqiongtaidi

Camellia oleifera is Famous Woody oil species in China. Under the increasingly serious agricultural production situation in China,it is important to use mountain and nearby places to develop the woody oil plants, relieve the pressure of cultivated land, improve ecological environment, develop economy in mountainous areas, and safely pass the sumit period of population. Improved variety is the core of the farming and animal husbandry industry and plus-tree is the foundation of cultivating the improved variety. The test materials were selected from wild resources in Mingqiongtaidi. The thesis of the important economic characters of12superior individual plants (fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transect diameter, fruit shape index, single fruit weight, the seed rate, kernel oil content, etc.) and fatty acid composition, inorganic elements and protein were investigated for comprehensive evaluation based on the method of principal component analysis and grey correlation degree analysis combined with yield. This research is aimed to provide theoretical basis for making a furher more plus-tree selection and selecting improved varieties which are suited for the local condition. The results of experimental research are as follows:1. The resource of C.oleifera in Mingqiongtaidi was investigated and analyzed for knowing basic information. There were504530individuals of C. oleifera distributed in the survey area of4557.7hm2. Nevertheless, the production of C.oleifera was low due to the extensive management. Based on the germplasm resource investigations of C.oleifera in this area,50qualified individuals were selected through preliminary selection, There were28indivduals in Mingshan,9in Pujiang,3in Qionglai,1in Tianquan and9in rain city among the50qualified trees. According to the analysis of altitude, age, fruit color and fruit production of unit crown area, the result showed that the concentrated distribution of altitude, age and production were600-800m,30～50years and1-2kg respectively and there are two major fruit colors including green and green-red.2. The correlation analysis between the characters of tree and yield of fruit, the result showed that there were no significant correlations among the tree height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, fruit diameter, fruit height, peel thickness and yield, but there were singnificant positive correlation among the East-west crown width,South-north crown width, total crown width and yield. the result indicated that the bigger crown width, the higher yield.3. The correlation analysis among the main economic indicators of12repeated superior individuals showed that achieving the ultimate goal of high yield need not only high fresh seed rate but also high seed rate after drying. We can make use of the correlation between product and fresh seed rate, seed rateafter drying and fresh fruit seed rate for early prediction and shorten the breeding cycle.4. From the study of quality of plus-tree we know fatty acid of C.oleifera oil was mainly composed of oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid, palmitic and Stearic acid and there were significant correlations among each component of fatty acid; an extremely negative correlation was observed between the contents of oleic, linoleic linolenic and palmitic acid, and the closest correlation coefficient were0.829between oleic and linoleic.5. The results of main mineral element content in kernel were essentially consistent. From high to low:K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu. The K element was the maximum content among these6kinds of mineral elements, which reached2.614-4.540mg/g. But the Cu element only about3.122～6.558ug/g, and there was great difference among superior individual plants. Furthermore, the harmful elements Pb, Cr, Cd were low in all selected plus-trees, showing that there were less pollution in this region and it is advantageous for the selection of plus-trees.6. Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive quality indexs (fatty acid compositions, mineral elements, protein, etc.) was different between different plus-tree and Linoleic acid, oleic acid, Palmitic acid, stearic acid were the main factors of the C.oleifera seed quality.7. Using grey correlation degree analysis combined with economic characters quality indexs, the results showed that Chuanya21is the best one for comprehensive characters in this test area, next named Chuanya31, Chuanya20, Chuanyal, Chuanya24, Chuanya7, Chuanya28, Chuanyal6, Chuanyal2, Chuanya29, Chuanya5, Chuanya39. According to the result of sorting, there are three individuals can be used as superior individual for their correlation value were more than0.6and other individual can be used for further selection in the future.