Impact Of Different Coptis Cultivation Patterns On Soil Fertility And Organism Factors And Analysis Of The Main Physiological Indexes In Coptis Rhizomes Of Four Strains

In this paper, the contents of soil main nutrients, water, pH, and micro-organisms from the different lands followed Coptis chinensis French.cultivation under the forest land, dry land and Coptis-rice rotation systems in Lichuan which's the largest Coptis plantation area in China were comparatively analyzed. The main physiological indexes such as the contents of water soluble sugar and protein, and main alkaloids in Coptis rhizomes of four strains with different morphological appearance in leaf among the local Coptis population were also analyzed. The main results are as follows:1. Soils from the three Coptis cultivation patterns in Lichuan are acidic, with the average soil moisture of 25%, but showed big differences in soil fertility. From the whole growth period of Coptis, the forestland soil fertility was relatively the highest, and the contents of soil organic matter and nitrogen were as nearly double as that of the other two kinds of cultivation systems; though its available phosphorus amount changed greatly during the growth period of Coptis, and were still significantly higher than that of soils from dry land or rice-Coptis rotation followed Coptis plantation. The contents of soil total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium were significantly higher than that of soils from the other Coptis cultivation patterns during the early growth period of Coptis, but while up to the later growth period of Coptis the soil total potassium and available potassium under rice-Coptis rotation pattern was significantly higher than that of dryland and forestland.2. The ratios of available nitrogen to available phosphorus (N/P), available potassium to available phosphorus (K/P), and available nitrogen to available potassium (N/K) in the forestland soil were relatively lower and its microbial population showed a characteristic of relatively high fungi, low bacteria in quantity. Under Coptis-rice rotation pattern, the ratios of soil available nitrogen to available phosphorus (N/P), available potassium to available phosphorus (K/P), and available nitrogen and available potassium (N/K) were were relatively higher, and the soil microorganisms demonstrated a feature of high bacteria and actinomycetes, low fungi in quantity during rice growing; and the soil nutrients increased to a certain degree during the later period of Coptis.3. Rice growing during the process of Coptis-rice rotation efficiently increased the quantity of soil organic matter and nitrogen, and soil available potassium and pH showed tendency to ascend, but the soil phosphorus declined; meanwhile the quantity of soil microorganisms increased year by year during rice growing, for example, the quantities of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi after three years'rice cultivation were 3.5,3.7 and 0.8 times higher than that of just a year's rice growing respectively. So, the rotation of rice after Coptis harvested could improve soil nutrient compositions and change the soil microorganisms with decreasing comparatively the quantity of fungi which's the most potential hazard to plants.4. The soluble sugar and protein contents in the strain of "Lustrous Leaf" were lower than that of the other three strains such as "Lusterless Leaf", "Large Fleck" and "Small Fleck", but the quantity of alkaloid in root of "Lustrous Leaf" was relatively higher, and the lowest alkaloid content in root appeared in the strain of "Dim Leaf.