Research Of The Composting Treatment Of Antibiotic Mushroom Dregs

The antibiotic mushroom dregs were the wastes during the production process of antibiotic enterprises. The wastes were grouped into the hazardous wastes because of residual antibiotics by national departments concerned. The inappropriate treatments on these wastes could cause environmental pollution, ecological risk and resource waste. To research the feasibility of composting treatment on antibiotic mushroom dregs, we designed the co-composting with cattle manure by penicillin mushroom dregs and lincomycin mushroom dregs respectively. To investigate the compost maturity, compost security and the differences between composts with antibiotic mushroom dregs and compost by cattle manure, we determined the basic physicochemical properties(temperature, water content, pH), phytotoxicity(seed germination indexes, inhibition rates of the sprout length, inhibition rates of the root length), antibiotic residuals, fertility indexes(total nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, water-soluble phosphorus), microbial changes during compost. The main results were as follows:1. Study on the co-composting of penicillin mushroom dregs and cattle manureDuring composting, the time of temperature over 50℃of T1 and T2 was more than a week, which accord with the composting health standard. After composting, pH of three treatments was 8.62,8.58 and 8.55 respectively, which accorded with the matured compost standard demanding pH between 8 and 9. After composting, seed germination indexes were above 50%, achieved the practical non-phytotoxicity level. During composting, temperatures of T1 and T2 were above 40℃and penicillin was deactivated. During composting, the thermophilic phases of T1 and T2 lasted long and nitrogen losses were seriously. The microbe quantities of three treatments had no significant difference, but microbe species of T1 and T2 were less than that of T3 obviously.2. Study on the co-composting of lincomycin mushroom dregs and cattle manureDuring composting, Time of temperature over 50℃of all treatments was more than 7d, which accorded with the composting health standard. After composting, pH of all treatments accorded with the matured compost standard demanding pH between 8 and 9. After composting, seed germination indexes were all above 70%. The inhibition of compost on bud length disappeared. The inhibition rates of the root length also reduced greatly. Compost had achieved the practical non-phytotoxicity level. After composting, the lincomycin of T1,T2,T4 were all degraded and that of T3 was degraded 99.7%. The content of water-soluble nitrogen decreased, nitrogen losing seriously. The population of actinomycetes was inhibited seriously. Microbe species were far more less than the control.3. effect of the compost with lincomycin mushroom dregs on soil microbesThe compost with lincomycin mushroom dregs played a good part in promoting the microbe proliferation and the effect was better than that of cattle manure. The compost with mushroom dregs has no significant destruction for microbial diversity.4. Screening for lincomycin-degrading strainsWe had screened out three bacterial strains and nine fungal strains. The degrading strains we screened out all can degrade lincomycin in some extent. Among them, zh5 had the best effect, the degradation rate of lincomycin in 20d reaching 13.24%.From the tests we know:The residual antibiotics were degraded and composting products had reached harmless standard basically. So composting can be regarded as a resourceful utilization way of the antibiotic mushroom dregs.