Effect Of Penicillin Mycelial Dreg Fertilizer On Soil Environment And Growth Of Tomato

Penicillin mycelial dregs are hazardous soild wastes generated from penicillin production industry. The pharmaceutical company makes penicillin mycelial dregs into an organic fertilizer: penicillin mycelial dregs fertilizer(PMDF)in order to solve the problem of treatment and create economic benefits. Besides the agricultural value, the risk of PMDF that contains a few penicillins on the soil and crops should be concerned. For evaluating agricultural value and safety of PMDF, the effect of PMDF on the soil environment and growth of tomatoes in greenhouse were studied in this paper.For confirming behaviors of penicillin G and its main degradation product peniicilloic residued in tomatoes, a solid phase extraction-high perfoemance liquid chromatograph(SPE-HPLC) method which used penicillin V as an internal standard of penicillin G has been developed for determination of penicillin G and penicilloic acid in tomaotoes. In the extraction and clean-up procedure, tomato samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water=4/1(v/v), then extraction liquid was transferred into an HLB SPE cartridge, and cartridge was washed with water/methnol=85/15(v/v), followed by methnol eluting. Analytes were monitored at 215 nm and separated with a mobile phase of 0.1% Phosphoric acid and acetonitrile(70:30, v/v).The absolute and corrected recoveries for penicillin G were 76.9-79.5% and 85.6-89.0%, respectively. Recoveries for penicilloic acid were 52.5- 58.1%. All RSDs were less than 10%.The linear range of penicillin G and penicilloic acid were 0.1-50 mg/kg and 1-50 mg/kg, respectively. LOD of penicillin G and penicilloic acid were 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg, and LOQ were 0.1mg/kg and 1.6mg/kg, respectively. This method statisfied the determination requirement of penicillin G, penicilloic acid could not be detected precisely because of its low recoveries, but this method could be used estimation of penicilloic acid.The effect of PMDF on soil environment was studied, the results showed that PMDF could improve the soil nutrient content, increase the invertase and catalase activity, but have little effect on urease activity. Actinomycetes were dominant Species because of not restraining by penicillin G at seedling stage.With the degradation of penicillin G over time, Bacteria gradually regain to be dominant. Penicillin G was only detected in the soil at seedling stage and none of TEM、SHV and CTX resistance genes were found in the whole growth period, so PMDF could improve the soil and not cultivate resistant bacteria in this experiment.The PMDF had no regularly influence on the plants height of tomatoes, but could increase yields and qualities of tomatoes. Penicillin G and penicilloic acid were not detected in plants and fruits of tomatoes. The toxicity of penicillin G on germination rate of tomatoes and the uptake of penicillin G from soil to plants were also studied, Results showed that the penicillin G in soil had no obviously toxicity on germination rate when its concentration less than 100mg/kg. Since penicillin G was easily transferred into plants but penicilloic acid hardly, the little of penicilloic acid detected in the plant could be believed as degradations of penicillin G that transferred from soil to plants. The retention time of both of penicillin G and penicilloic acid were less than 9 days when soil had an initial concentration of 100 mg/kg of penicillin G. The concentration of penicillin G in soil fertilized with PMDF was much lower than 100 mg/kg, so 9 days after fertilization, tomato plants could be believed not residuing penicillin G and penicilloic acid.