Effects On Co-aplicatoin Of N K Organic Fertilizer On Growth Of Cucumber And Soil Environment In Overwinter Cultivating

In this paper the grafted cucumber of winter crop in greenhouse is the object of study,which is difficulty in culture but high economic benefits,according to those problems that were caused by unreasonble fertilization in the current production.According to the nutrition absorption of cucumber and balanced fertilization theory ,combining the experimental points, soil condition.The N,K of applied to soil are the main factors,according to the ratio of N/K₂O,three levels are designed :low(N 612 Kg/hm²,K₂O 523 Kg/hm²,medium(N 962 Kg/hm²,K₂O 820Kg/hm²)and high(N 1310 Kg/hm²,K₂O1118 Kg/hm²). The applied of the proportion of organic fertilizer(which is calculated by the percentage of Nitron applied by organic fertilizer in the total Nitron ) was the subsidiary factor ,two different level were designed:1/2 and 1/3.The control is designed by the common content of N,K and fertilizer,in order to study the effect of different combination of N,K and organic fertilizer,the development of cucumber ,physiology ,yield,quality and rhizophere soil were the goal index. We analied the existing problem caused by experienced application fertilizer ,and discussed the appropriate use of N,K and Organic fertilizer which is the adequate in the winter grafted cucumber in greenhouse .The main results as follows:1 In this research , the combine of N ,K and organic fertilizer can obvisouly improve the yield of grafted cucumber;With the N and K fertilizer rate was increased, plant height of grafted cucumber were significant increase;the diameter of stem had a tendy of increasing but not significant as the plant height; Number of leaves, average leaf areas of the best factionalleaf and fruit growth rate first increased and then decreased.In condition of the same application of N,K,the Organic fertilizer increased from 1 / 3 up to 1 / 2, the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, the average area of the best functional leaves, show the significant increase; fruit growth rate increase was not significant.In the treatment of the medium level of N,K combined with high ratio of organic fertilizer,the cucumbers can get the most leaves ,the biggest average areas of the best functional leaves and the fast developing volity of fruit .2 As nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels increased, the content of chlorophyll were increased but the chlorophyll a / b does not significantly affect. The treatment of medium nitrogen, potassium and 1 / 2 ratio of organic fertilizeri,leaf photosynthetic rate was the highest, activity of Mg²⁺ ATPase activity and Ca^z- ATPase can get a maximum .3 In this paper,the total nitrogen content in soil from 612 Kg/hm² to 962 Kg/hm², the total volume from 523 Kg/hm² to 820 Kg/hm² K range, nitrogen, potassium and organic fertilizer application significantly increased production of grafted cucumber. N and K at the same level, organic fertilizer increased from 1 / 3 up to 1 / 2, can significantly increase the cucumber production.4 In this experiment with the increasing of fertilization ,the flavor quality of cucumber fruit, fruit dry matter, soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C content firstly increased , and then decreased, deformed fruit first decreased and then increased , a rapid increase in nitrate content was linear. The same nitrogen and potassium levels, organic fertilizer increased from 1 / 3 up to 1 / 2, can significantly reduced rates of low fruit and nitrate content of fruit deformity.5 Nitrogen, potassium and organic manure can lead to reduce cucumber rhizosphere soil pH, increase conductivity, soil nitrate accumulation, increased salt content, respiration intensity, soil invertase, urease activity increased. The same nitrogen and potassium levels and increasing the proportion of organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers can significantly reduce soil PH, conductivity, changes in soil nitrate, increased respiration, increased invertase activity in soil.6 Fertilization by experiencing shows that the production, fruit quality, appearance quality and flavor, fruit dry matter content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and VC content, soil physical and chemical properties, the overall performance were significantly lower than the medium of nitrogen and potassium fertilization levels (N 962 Kg/hm², K 820 Kg/hm²). Considering yield, quality, ecological and other factors, similar to the soil in the experimental data on solar greenhouse grafted winter crop cultivation in the dry chicken manure application 22.5t/hm² 481Kg/hm² based on the combined application of nitrogen, 356 Kg/hm² P 476 Kg/hm² cultivation potassium can obtain good results.