Study Of The Long-term Fertilizer Application On Wheat Physicochemical Properties Under The Condition Of Different Soil Types

Long-term fertilizer formes the different of soil fertility in the same type of soil, to study soil fertility and fertilizer on the growth of wheat,photosynthesis,protective enzyme etc provides extremely advantageous basis conditions. Therefore, this research is on the base of 19-years of long-term fertilizer experiment, while is two cropping system of wheat and corn, to study long-term fertilizer on the effect of soil fertility and wheat grain yield in the red soil and the Drab Fluvo-acquic soil, and discusses long-term fertilizer on the influence of wheat's photosynthetic performance, membrane lipid peroxidation and protection of enzyme activity, to explain the physiological mechanism of wheat yield changes on the condition of the long-term fertilizer,to lay a theoretical foundation of improving the fertilization techniques of wheat.1 The effect of long-term fertilization systems on soil nutrients content. In two different soil types, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer (NPKM) can obviously improved the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium. Long-term no N treatment's (PK) soil nitrogen and available nitrogen content in the two soils were showing lower level, while was the most obvious in the redsoil. The long-term no P treatment's (NK) soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content were also significantly lower than other treatment. The long-term no K treatment's (NP) available potassium content was the lowest, while was more apparent in the red soil.2 The effect of long-term fertilization on the growth of wheat. In two kinds of soil types, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer (NPKM) can provided significantly the growth of wheat, and improved the dry matter accumulation of wheat. Balanced using inorganic fertilizer (NPK) also can promoted the wheat growth in a certain extent, but was below the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The nutrient deficiency can significantly effected on the growth of wheat. The NK treatment's wheat height and dry matter accumulation were basically the same of control treatment (CK), even significantly below control treatment (CK) in the red soil. The PK and NP treatment was below the NK treatment on the effect of wheat growth, and achieved significant differences.3 The effect of long-term fertilization systems on the wheat photosynthetic characteristics. Compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment, long-term organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer treatment's(NPKM) wheat net photosynthetic rate (Pn),chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) was higher, and the parameters can slower declined, after entering filling stage, and The maximum groups'photosynthetic performance (LAI×SPAD and Pn×LAI) was also significantly higher than other treatment, and yield was higher. Among the inorganic fertilizer treatments, the NK treatment caused soil nutrient's imbalance, even obvious soil acidification in the red soil, and produced adverse effect on wheat growth, so the flag leaf and groups photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) reduced, and slowly reduced after entering filling stage.4 The effect of long-term fertilization systems on the wheat's protective enzyme activity and membrane lipid peroxidation. Compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment, the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer treatment's (NPKM) leaf protect enzymes was higher, and the flag leaf membrane lipid peroxidation was lower. Among the inorganic fertilizer treatments, the membrane lipid peroxidation of inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPK) was below unbalanced fertilization (PK, NP, NK), and the membrane lipid peroxidation of the NK treatment was highest in the two soils, so grain yield was lowest.5 The effect of long-term fertilization systems on the wheat yield. The organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPKM) can improved wheat yield, and increased wheat yield by 788.32% in the red soil and 828.05% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil, and the fertilizer contribution was respectively 88.74% in the red soil and 89.22% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil. Balanced inorganic fertilization treatment's (NPK) yield was obvious difference in two types of soil. The NPK treatment's yield was higher than other inorganic fertilization treatment, while the NPK treatment's yeild was lower than the PK treatment. However, the NK treatment caused wheat yield loss, which reduced 15.86% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and no yields in the red soil.