Chloroplast DNA TrnL-FB Non-coding Sequences Based Molecular Phylogeography Of Nature Korean Pine(pinus Koraiensis)

In this research,125 samples from 25 natural Korean pine (Pines koraiensis) populations which locating at Liao ning, Ji lin and Hei longjiang provinces of China were used for the study of Molecular phylogeography. We examined Chloroplast DNA(cpDNA) trnL—FB non-coding sequences by PCR(polymerase chain reaction) product sequencing and statistical analysis of the sequencing results for exploring the geography phylogenetic pattern of natural Korean pine in Northeast of China, initial guess the refuge of natural Korean pine when Quaternary Ice Age came for the Ice Age in China and spread ways after the Ice Age.A total of 116 sequences were obtained by sequencing, the actual length caried from 661bp to 666bp(average 661.2bp), showed length polymorphism. Base composition was with high A+T content of average 65.3% which more than G+C content(average 34.7%), it is the character in many non-coding region. The 4 nucleotides'specific content of A, T, G, C average ratio were 32.8%, 32.5%, 17.4%, 17.3%.By blast aligning and analysis the 116 DNA sequences through Clustal X ver 1.81 software, we existed 20 variation sites and there have been 16 kinds of mutation types, and definition of 17 cpDNA haplotypes named between HA to HQ. HA haplotype owns a wide distribution, on behalf of the parts with same sources of different groups, it is the ancestor. Most haplotypes were just in one particular population, a small number of the haplotypes existed the phenomenon of haplotype—sharing. With the distribution of the haplotypes during populations, we can see the there was some gene flow between populations in Liao ning , Ji lin and Hei longjiang provinces, but the types of haplotype—sharing existed in just Ji lin—Liao ning and Ji lin—Hei longjiang province. In which Ji lin province owns much more than the either ones.Constructing natural Korean pine haplotype NJ phylogenetic trees by Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis software of MEGA 4.0. Combining with the geographical distribution of various groups, cpDNA haplotypes the NJ phylogenetic trees and the distributions of all haplotypes can be seen that the refuges of natural Korean pine in our country when Quaternary Ice Age arrived were the populations of JA—DQG(forest farm of Ji an—Da qinggou) and DST—QL(forest farm of Dun hua—Qing lin), bottleneck effect caused a random fixed of different haplotypes in the refuges.