Study On Superior Breeds Selection And Cultivation Of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim In Gansu Province

As a kind of essential ecological economic tree, the distribution and the cultivation of pepper is not only large acreage and output high in Gansu Province. The researches on the selection of quality species and the cultivation technique have been done based ot the following aspect: the observation on biological characteristics, growing seeding, the selection of slope direction, formula fertilization, pruning, and pest control to increase the output of pepper. Based on the study, the quality species adapting to the local environment have been selected, and the cultivation techniques have been afforded.1. Through contrasting with different indexes from the investigation and observation on phonology, mass growth, output, shape and properties of fruits, and resistance, the 3 quality species have been selected as the Qingan 1,Wudoudahongpao,Youjiao。The multiple indexes are all superior to the other species adapting to cultivate in Gansu province.Based on the experiments about breeding and the selection on slope direction, fertilization, pruning, and pest control, the cultivation technique has been afforded.Breeding technique: storage the seed in the humid soil lay, the vitality of seeds will be well protected. Do the deresination treatment on seed with quicklime and washing powder. The method is convenient, and the effect is better than other.The selection on slope direction: pepper is photophil heliophilous specie so the growth and fructification on the sunny slope and semi-sunny slope are better than shady slope. Because of the lack of light and the short of temperature, the degree of lignification and the cold resistance ability of at the shady slope are not better than it at the sunny slope or semi-sunny slope.The fertilizer test: select the 10-year-old pepper trees as the samples, the base fertilizer and the fertilizing amount of per hill is 65—75kg at farm manure, 1.5—2.0kg at NPK, 1.5—2.0kg at rare earth tiny fertilizer. All kinds of fertilizing amount have significant function to the output of per hill. Pruning: retain 5-7 boughs, and saving 2-4 twigs at each bough, in the form of open center model tree. Then the output of pepper will be increased 30% than common. Control of Aphids: 40% omethoate solution dilutes in 1000 or 1500 times. Pirimicarb solution dilutes in 1000 or 2000 times. Carbosulfan solution dilutes in 1000 or 1500 times. Alternatively spray these solutions 1 time per 10-15 and in all 2-3 times per year to achieve the control efficiency. Through using the complex control techniques, the outputs of pepper are significantly increased 46.4%.