Preliminary Study On The Artificial Breeding Techniques And The Physiological Indicators Of Cephalopholis Miniata

This paper was based on the Cephalopholis miniata cultivated by the coconut base of Hainan Provincial Fisheries Research Institute from April 2010 to July and technology of artificial breeding. And it was based on the Cephalopholis miniata cultivated by the Zhongjie Tilapia Breeding Farm in Huanghua from November 2010 to December and studied the basic physiological.The embryonic development of Cephalopholis miniata was observed. The effect of different temperature, salinity on embryonic development and survival of larvae, the effect of different temperature and salinity on growth and survival rate, the physiological and biochemical indexes of blood, the digestive enzyme activity indicators and the basic nutrition indicators of Cephalopholis miniata were studied. The main results were as follows:The optimum temperature range of egg hatching of Cephalopholis miniata is 24~30℃and the optimum temperature range of larval survival is 24~30℃. The optimum salinity range of egg hatching of Cephalopholis miniata is 29~39 and the optimum salinity range of larval survival is 29~34.The young Cephalopholis miniata could grow and survive at temperature 18~30℃. And it had the highest survival rate at temperature 26℃. The suitable salinity of young Cephalopholis miniata was 9~39 and the survival rate of the young was more than 80% in 7 days in this range,and the survival rate was more than 90% at salinity 19~34. And the optimum at salinity 24.4500g eggs of Cephalopholis miniata were hatched during the tests and hatch rates was 87.72%. 19.1 million seed juvenile fish of length 2.5 ~ 2.93cm were fostered success after 25-35 days. Survival rate of seedling was 6.03%.It took 60 days from 3.6 million juvenile fish of length 2.74cm to 10116 juvenile fish of length 10.0 cm. Survival rate of Cultivating was 28.10%.At different temperature conditions, the protease activity of stomach and liver of Cephalopholis miniata was highest at 40℃, while the protease activity of intestinal reached maximum at 35℃; The amylase activity of stomach was highest at 45℃, while the amylase activity of intestinal and liver reached maximum at 35℃. At different pH conditions, the optimum pH values of the protease activity of the stomach, intestines and liver were 3.4, 9.0 and 8.5; the optimum pH values of the amylase activity of the stomach, intestines and liver were 7.0, 8.0 and 10.0. But the amylase activity of liver reached the lowest at pH 7.0. It was different from previous research results and needed to be studied further.Physiological indicators of Cephalopholis miniata blood:The blood traits of Cephalopholis miniata was higher than cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays), but compared to other bony fishes, the blood traits of Cephalopholis miniata remained at a low level. While the ratio of the number of RBC and WBC of Cephalopholis miniata was as high as 243. It was higher than most fish, which also showed the evolution level of Cephalopholis miniata in the fish was very high. In leukocytes of Cephalopholis miniata blood, the lymphocytes content were more than half(55%). The neutrobphils content(38%) were less than the lymphocytes. And the eosinophils, basophils and monocytes content was only 7%. Biochemical of Cephalopholis miniata blood:The experimental study showed that the blood glucose values of Cephalopholis miniata was 87.46mg/100mL, at a relatively low level, might be related to culture environment. The albumin content was 6.28g/L and the globulin content was 49.89g/L in the protein composition. The ratio of albumin and globulin was 0.1259, which is far less than 1.00.The results about the basic nutrient content of the muscle of Cephalopholis miniata were as the following:The average body length of Cephalopholis miniata was 23.33cm and the average weight was 283.4g. The meat containing was approximately 73.66%±2.09% (72.05%~75.26%) under the conditions in the factory farming. And the water content was 73.16%, ash content was 1.56%, crude fat content was 3.20% and crude protein content was 20.08%. Therefore, Cephalopholis miniata was valuable food because of a higher ratio of flesh, a high protein content and a low fat content. It was worth to promote farming.