| Ginger is one of important foreign exchange earning vegetables, which having long growth time and high yield, but now there is rare research on fertilization and mineral nutrition absorption and use in ginger. Overcommitting fertilizer blindly to ginger on production which increased the cost, polluted the environment, and alse influenced yield and quality. Based on the high-yield ginger nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake distribution research, the experiments further studied the effects combined with them on yield and quality, and discussed the reaction of control-released fertilizer on ginger, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for efficient fertilization in ginger .The main results were as follows:1. Ginger plant grew slowly and accumulation of dry matter was lower at seedling stage. Although the duration of seedling stage was about accounting for 52.6% of the whole growth period, the absorption of N, P2O5, K2O accounted for about only 24%. At the stems and leaves vigorous growth stage, plants began to grow fast, the absorption rate of N, P2O5, K2O reached 3.5, 1.3 and 4.9 kg·ha-1·d-1, respectively, and the absorption accounted for about 30% of the whole growth period. At the rhizome-expanding stage, the absorption rate of N decreased slightly, while that of P2O5, K2O still reached as high as 1.3 and 5.1 kg·ha-1·d-1, and the absorption of N, P2O5 and K2O accounted for 44.0%, 45.5% and 47.1% of the whole period, respectively. With the growth of ginger plant, the distribution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the stems and leaves showed a decreased trend, but gradually increased in rhizomes. At rhizome expanding stage, the distribution of N, P2O5 and K2O in rhizomes reached 50.0%, 61.0% and 46.5%, respectively. At the whole growth period, the absorption ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O was 2.5:1.0:3.8, and the demand of N, P2O5 and K2O for every 1000 kg rhizome product was about 4.67, 1.90 and 7.25 kg, respectively.2. N, P and K significantly influenced ginger yield and quality parameters, with K having the biggest effect followed by N and P. The interaction of N, K for ginger yield and quality were significant, with the biggest interaction area being N at 359.82-719.65 kg·ha-1 and K2O at 899.57-1499.2 kg·ha-1. In this experiment, when the fertilizer rates were N at 514.54-619.80 kg·ha-1, P2O5 at 309.76-445.58 kg·ha-1 and K2O at 1062.24-1173.94 kg·ha-1, yield reached 85 t·ha-1 and quality grade passed 90. The most suitable ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 1.50:1:2.96.3. The nutrient release of the early CRF treatment (T3) was synchronous with the requiring nutrient rule of ginger, and promoted the absorption. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium using efficiency of T3 reached up to 35.27%, 27.29% and 40.09%, higher than 29.46%, 22.03% and 36.24% of the common fertilizer treatment (T1), significantly. Due to the nutrient release late, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium using efficiency of the regular pattern CRF treatment (T2) were for 22.02%, 16.02% and 25.31% only. The yield of T1, T2 and T3 were 3181.6,2489.9,3510.8 kg·667m-2, higher more than the no fertilizer treatment (CK) 62.0%,26.7% and 78.7%, respectively.4. Different fertilization of ginger were significantly influenced the plant physiology change. In equivalent manuring conditions, Plant growth of the regular pattern CRF treatment (T2) significantly weakened. On Rhizome expanding stage (September 25th), its root vigor, the activity of nitrate reductase, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency decreased 23.15%, 11.96%, 10.19% and 15.99% than the common fertilizer treatment (T1), respectively. The early-larger CRF treatment (T3) enhanced plant growth and physiological activity, so increased yield and quality improvement.
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