Study On Morphology, Growth Dynamics And Nutrition Of Rosa Rugosa Fruit

This study selected eight varieties and three wild type roses as materials, analysing their fruit shape ,growth dynamics and major nutrient. The purpose was to found the differences between cultivars and wild roses in fruit shape ,growth dynamics and major nutrient, breed edible and ornamental varieties or types of roses and provide certain theoretical basis for the cultivation of new types of roses. The main conclusions were as follows:1. Fruit weight, pulp net and edible rate of wild roses were greater than those of the cultivars.The fruit of RCH was the largest, while R rugosa'Yipinziyi'was the minimum. Three wild types, R.rugosa'Ziyingbinfen'and R.rugosa'Ciguo'were of large fruit, and other varieties were small and medium fruit. The pulp net of HCH was the biggest, while R.rugosa'Yipinziyi'was the smallest.The edible rate of R . rugosa'Tang white'was the maximum,while that of R . rugosa'Yipinziyi'was the minimum. The coefficient of variation on wild types were higher than cultivars.The color of wild type fruit begin to change in mid-June,while cultivars start to change in late June to early July. The fruit color of wild types were deeper than that of the cultivars.The fruit index was obviously different in different varieties and types.The fruit index of R . rugosa'Yipinziyi', R.rugosa'Tang Red'and R.rugosa'Purple Dragon Lying'was big,and the shape of their fruits was nearly spherical.The fruit shapes of R.rugosa'Purple Goose'and R.rugosa'Purple Branch'were irregular flat spherical,and their fruit index was much smaller.The fruits of three wild roses were regular flat spherical ,the fruit index varies slightly.2.The diameter growth rule was not the same in varieties and wild-type.There was a clear growth peak in R . rugosa'Tang Red',R.rugosa'Ciguo',R.rugosa'Purple Goose',R.rugosa'Yipinziyi'and R.rugosa'Purple Branch'.The rest has no obvious growth peak in their diameter and it grew at a steady rate up to middle and late July when their eter reached the highest level and changed quite slowly.Three types of wild rose have two distinct growth peaks in late May to early June and mid-June to early July.The growth amount of the second peak was smaller than that of the first and the diameter ceased to grow in middle July.Fruit length growth of rose was roughly consistent with each other as there were no noticeable peak ,except for R.rugosa'Tang White'which had an obvious growth peak in late May to early June. Length growth developed rapidly in late May to mid-June until mid-and-late July when it stopped growing and reached its maximum.3. Fruit of varieties and types have their own characteristics of nutrition. The content of vitamin C and Ca in roses were both higher.The soluble protein, total sugar and totle acid were almost equal.Vitamin C, amino acids and fat in cultivars were higher than wild type, however, carotenoids, crude fiber and water were lower than wild type.R.rugosa'Ziyingbinfen', R.rugosa'Yipinziyi', R.rugosa'Purple Dragon Lying',and RCH were rich in nutrient. R . rugosa'Tang white'and R.rugosa'Purple Branch'were lacking in nutrient. The content of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn in wild type fiuits were much larger than that in cultivars. The mineral content in HCH was the highest, R.rugosa'Ziyingbinfen', R.rugosa'Purple Branch'and MP were rich in mineral content,however,R.rugosa'Purple Dragon Lying'and R.rugosa'Ciguo'were poor in mineral content.From the perspective of fruit processing :Wild roses were rich in production and their fruit can be processed those drinks, the main components of which were carotenoids, crude fiber, essential amino and mineral elements. R.rugosa'Tang Red'and R.rugosa'Ziyingbinfen'can be used as the raw materials to produce vitamin C. R.rugosa'Ciguo'can be processed into sugar and copper-rich drinks. R.rugosa'Purple Branch'and R.rugosa'Purple Dragon Lying'were rich in iron,so they can be processed into iron-based beverages.From the perspective of rose breeding:R.rugosa'Yipinziyi'was rich in vitamin C, but its productivity was low ,so it can be used to cultivate new species,which was richful in vitamin C. R.rugosa'Purple Dragon Lying'can be used to breeding species ,which was abundant in amino acids. R.rugosa'Purple Branch'can be used to cultivate new species, which has good viewing, strong resistance and rich in iron. The leaf, flower, fruit shape variation were clear on HCH,and at the same time ,it was rich in nutrients,so it was preferred breeding germplasm. MP and RCH have abundant mineral elements, and high ornamental value ,therefore they were ideal breeding materials for edible roses,which was abundant of mineral elements.