| Twelve self-lines of long pepper were divided into two groups,6 female parents(W-1,W-2,W-3,W-4,W-5,W-6), 6 male parents(S-1,S-2,S-3,S-4,S-5,S-6), and 36 crosses were made by NC-â…¡. 36 crosses of 10 quantitative characters were analyzed according to analysis of variance, analysis of combining ability and analysis of genetic ability. 12 self-lines and 36 crosses were analyzed according to the key components analysis and heterosis analysis of 10 quantitative characters. Besides, capsaicin, the weight per fruit and the amount of fruit per tree are analyzed by relative analysis of genetic distance and heterosis. All the above is based on SAS software and DPS software and the data is completed on computer. The main results were concluded as follows:1. 12 materials are made into 36 crosses of which 10 quantitative characters were analyzed according to analysis of variance. The result is variance is below incredible value 1.62 , not so obvious between groups but clear or quite clear between crosses.2. Vitamin C , pulp thickness , capsaicin , the model exponent of fruit , rigidity , the amount of fruit per tree , the weight per fruit , the amount of seed, the growth stage of fruit and the whole growth stage special combining ability is more than the general combining ability.3. Group heredity capacity analysis shows that the broad and the narrow appear different in the same trait of different materials. For the 10 traits, the percentages of the others are quite high, between 90.23% and 99.96%.4. On general combining ability, 6 female parents are ordered from high to low as W-1>W-2>W-3>W-6>W-5>W-4 and 6 male parents are as S-1>S-5>S-4>S-2>S-6>S-3.5. On the key components analysis of 12 self-lines and their 36 crosses, the percentage of cumulative for the 6 bigger eigenvalue is 83.59%. On these characters, capsaicin, the growth stage of fruit be selected firstly. Then, the model exponent of fruit, pulp thickness , the whole growth stage and Vitamin C should be chosen and finally the amount of fruit per tree and the weight per fruit.6. Calculated the Euclidean distance for each pair of 6 principal component between the 10 traits of the lines of the 36 crosses. And the 36 crosses are divided into five categories by group-average method, which indicated the genetic characteristics of the original traits and the genetic difference between the varieties.7. That were significant linear relationship between the amount of fruit per tree and the weight per fruit heterosis and genetic distance, and regression equation were Y=118.8425-39.5625X and Y=-15.1048+9.7646X, respectively.8. Between capsaicin heterosis and genetic distance didn't find in this study. With ulterior research, Density Model tallied between pulp thickness heterosis and genetic distance, and was significant, and regression equation was Y=(1.0000+0.1000x)^(-1/1.000).9. On the issues of the long pepper heterosis use, it is not the case that the bigger genetic distance, the more significant heterosis or not the smaller, the more significant. Their relation is affected by various elements, which are needed to make further study and exploration.
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