Effects Of Nitrogen-based Recovery Ratio On The Yield And Quality Traits Of Different Types Of Wheat Varieties

The experiment were carried out in Anhui Province Fengtai County Guiji village from October 2008 to May 2009.The test selected three different types of wheat, Yannong19, Annong0305, Wanmai52, and adopted rice-stubble cultivation, took topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at 10:0, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4 ratio of nitrogen-based recovery respectively on the jointing stage, to study the physiological characteristics, final yield and major quality traits on the various growth stages of wheat. The results are as follows:1,Effects of Nitrogen-based recovery ratio on the development and a number of physiological characteristics of different types of wheat varietiesResults show that, there are some different responses on the species of varieties wheat from different types of ratio of nitrogen-based recovery. Yannong19, strong gluten winter wheat, has the highest maximum stems, effective panicles and spike rate at the treatment, which is the highest ratio of base fertilizer; Annong0305, weak gluten spring wheat, has the higher maximum stems at the treatment, dealing with nitrogen-based recovery ratio at 8:2 and 7:3, but the higher maximum effective panicles and the spike rate appeared at the treatment, which has the higher rate of topdressing; Wanmai52, medium-gluten and semi-winter wheat, has the higher maximum stems at the treatment, dealing with nitrogen-based recovery ratio at 8:2 and 7:3, but the higher maximum effective panicles appeared at the treatment of higher topdressing rate, and the higher maximum spike rate appeared at the treatment, dealing with nitrogen-based recovery ratio at 6:4 and 10:0.The leaf area of wheat showed increased and then decreased in the whole growth process, the maximum values are appeared in the flowering stage. Appropriate ratio of nitrogen-based recovery is conducive to slow down the functional decline of leaves, and maintain a relatively high effective leaf area and physiological functions. From the test results can be seen that an appropriate increase in the proportion of top-dressing make the decline of the leaf area more slowly in the latter period.Wheat leaf chlorophyll content was increased first and then decreased in the whole growth process. The topdressing at jointing stage has a considerable impact to wheat leaf chlorophyll content. From the test results, along with the increase in topdressing percentage, chlorophyll content tended to peak on the higher. After the grouting, there is a sharp decline in chlorophyll content, and a near decrease in all treatments. By comparing the results of each treatment can be found postponing nitrogen delayed the senescence of leaf. The regulation of nitrogen fertilizer is obvious to the leaf soluble sugar. From the seedling stage to the jointing stage, the effectiveness of base fertilizer increased the soluble sugar content significantly; leaf soluble sugar content of each treatment is processed in accordance with the increase of base fertilizer. With the jointing and elongation on jointing stage, early a large number of accumulations of soluble sugar were consumed, and the content dropped sharply. Heading stage, the peak of reproductive growth of wheat, soluble sugar is increased contently, and then a second peak is appeared. In the grain filling period, panicle development requires more photosynthetic products, and most of soluble sugar is transferred to the grain. Due to most of leaf soluble sugar is transferred to the grain at the milky stage, and the gradual decline in the functions of leaves, leaf soluble sugar content in the sharp decline, and there is no difference about the values between of treatments.The effect of ratio of topdressing nitrogen on the content of grains soluble sugar is performed significantly in the flowering stage, and grain soluble sugar showed a downward trend after flowering. With the decline of the functions of leaf, a large number of assimilates, stored on the nutrition body, run into the grain and transformed to starch mostly with grains soluble sugar. From the 28th day, after flowering, grain soluble sugar slows down the decline gradually. Form the 35th day, after flowering, because of the end of transfer about dry matter on the vegetative organ and grains, grains soluble sugar content remained at a lower level. Raising the ratio of jointing topdressing appropriately could promote assimilates, stored on the nutrition body, running into the grains before flowering and on the filling stage, and grains soluble sugar maintain a high level of content, can increase the 1000-grain weight to some extent.2,Effects of nitrogen-based recovery ratio on the photosynthetic characteristics of different types of wheat varietiesIn the whole growth period, wheat leaf photosynthetic rate continues to increase from the jointing stage to grain filling, increase rapidly in the period of from the jointing stage to heading stage, and reach a high value in the heading stage, there are some differences at the value of photosynthetic rate between the species, and there is no difference among treatments in the same species. Flowering period, have large differences between the various, processing to a very significant level. Into the grain filling period, wheat leaf photosynthetic rate reach the highest value, the highest values in the three varieties, are 21.22 umol·m-2·s-1,17.92 umol·m-2·s-1 and 20.15 umol·m-2·s-1. After the grain filling, there is a sharp decline in photosynthetic rate, until all the leaves turn to brown, loss of photosynthetic capacity. Appropriate increase in the proportion of the late top-dressing can increase the photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves, is conducive to maintaining a strong post-leaf photosynthetic capacity, slow down aging plants, provide more material sources for the production of wheat. Trials show the ratio of 6:4 to nitrogen-based recovery is more beneficial to the whole growth period of wheat photosynthesis.3,Effects of nitrogen-based recovery ratio on the yield of different types of wheat varietiesIn these three varieties, we found that different types of wheat varieties have its own characteristics of need about fertilizer by the treatments of different percentage of the base dressing. The numbers of per spike between differences treatments are expressed as not significant. Of all varieties to deal with 1000-grain weight, bulk density and yield are quite different. In the four treatments of Yannong19, ears and grains per spike, deal with the base recovery ratio of 8:2, have the maximum value of pilot, while the base ratio of 6:4 and 7:3 recovery processing in the grain weight and bulk density, and the performance of these two is clearly superior to other treatment in the final real output. Their ears showed a negative correlation between yield (r = -0.43); ear number, grain weight and bulk density are expressed as positive correlation between the yield. In the four treatments of Annong0305, the treatment that deals with the base recovery ratio of 10:0 has poorer performances on the ears and grains per spike. In the grain weight, bulk density and yield, the treatments deal with the base ratio of 6:4 and 7:3 are superior to others obviously. Its grains per spike has a negative correlation to the yield, showed a significant correlation (r = -0.92). Panicle, 1000-grain weight and bulk density were positively correlated to the production, in which the correlation between 1000-grain weight and yield showed highly significant (r = 0.97 **). In the four treatments of Wanmai52, the treatments deal with the base recovery ratio of 6:4 and 7:3 showed a certain advantage on the aspects of various production elements and the final real output. The panicle, 1000-grain weight, and bulk density were positive correlation to the yield, in which the correlation between grains per spike and yield was significant (r = 0.97 **). There is a negative correlation between grains per spike and yield (r = -0.42).4,Effects of nitrogen-based recovery ratio on the quality traits of different types of wheat varietiesResult showed that: different ratio of base to recover for different types of varieties of wheat grain quality traits have significant impact. In the four treatments of Farmers 19, Annong0305 and Wanmai52, the highest value of protein content is present in the treatment of 6:4, respectively 15.35%, 13.07% and 14.69%. Three varieties of grain wet gluten increased with the proportion of top-dressing, also the content. An appropriate increase in the proportion of the late top-dressing is conducive to the improvement of wet gluten content. The treatment of Yannong19 deal with 6:4 had the highest grain sedimentation, reached 43.46ml. In the four treatments of Annong0305, its grain sedimentation value with the increase in the proportion of top-dressing was reduction the first and increased later and decrease in the end, the treatment of 7:3 has the highest value of settlement, reached 21.79ml. In the four treatments of Wanmai52, the value of grain sedimentation was increased with the growing proportion of topdressing, in which the value of treatments by 6:4 had the highest, 31.32ml. On the effect of nitrogen-based recovery about swelling power and alkaline water retention capacity, the treatment deal with topdressing ratio of 7:3 and 6:4 can increased the swelling power to a large extent, can be greatly reduce wheat grain alkaline water retention capacity at the same time, help to improve the baking quality of wheat.From the test result shows of treatments, increasing the proportion of nitrogen topdressing increased the peak viscosity and low viscosity of three different types of wheat varieties significantly, and increasing the nitrogen at jointing can increased the elongation recovery noodles flexibility. Dressing percentage of increase also have a regulatory role of improvement to the dilute value and final viscosity, appropriately increasing the proportion of topdressing jointing can help to improve dilute value, and increase the smoothness of noodles. Gelatinization temperature, there are some different performances at different wheat varieties on the experiments of different treatments, the treatment of Yannong19 deal with the base-topdressing ratio of 10:0 has the minimum of gelatinization temperature; The treatments of Annong0305 and Wanmai52 deal with 7:3 have lower gelatinization temperature.