| Peach is the second largest fruit in Shandong Province, has become one of the pillar industries in some areas. The peach gardens existing many unfavorable factors, such as thin soil, low fertility, poor water conditions, soil bare area, low organic matter content, nutrient imbalance and poor capacity fertilizer, are located in hill and mountains area of Shandong Province . The phenomenon that heavy fertilizer,light organic fertilizer and still appling P fertilizer into peach orchards which P level is high . In order to understand the available nutrients situation and estimate soil N,P load risk, some peach orchards were investigated and sampled in main peach production area of Shandong province during 2008 to 2010. The phosphorus experiment was conducted on young and mature peach trees, Regarding to excessive P problem ,to study phosphorus influence on growth, yield and quality. The characteristic of N,P,K absorption and distribution by young Zhonghuashoutao and Yuhualu peach were studied. The results showed as follows:1. Organic matter and available N,P and K contents in 0～20cm were higher than 20～40cm.On the whole, available phosphorus were rich, while organic matter and available N and K were basically at the middle level. Soil nutrients in different areas there are significant differences, Feicheng Peach orchards were the highest, those of Lanshan were followed and Mengyin were the lowest.2. From the investigation,Nitrate-N concentration of 90.91% peach gardens exceeded the critical spot of the nitrogenous fertilizer surplus, P content 0f all the peach gardens did it. Thereinto, Nitrogen and Phosphoric surplus amounts in LanShan area are the highest,1388.61 kg N﹒hm-2 and 1058.96 kgP2O5﹒hm-2 respectively. Nitrogen and Phosphoric surplus of Mengyin and Feicheng were about 50% these of Lanshan.3. Phosphorus test results showed that the right amount of phosphorus can promote the growth and root extension of young peach tree. About mature trees ,with phosphorus inputs increasing, chlorophyll content will increase in peach orchards which soil Olsen-P content less than 50ppm, while the chlorophyll content is low, and did not change significantly in garden which Olsen-P higher than 50ppm; peach fruit weight, hardness and yield changes were consistent with the chlorophyll content; peach fruit soluble solids content did not change significantly under different phosphorus levels.4. During June to August shoot biomass at is most, the amount of nitrogenshould be increased in this period; while roots is August to October, P fertilizer should be more input in this period. The characteristics of absorption and distribution of P and K is consistent throughout the growing season, that is new organs (leaves, roots) was higher than storage organs (branches, trunk), Mainly, the supply of nutrients in young peach plants is from the soil, and absorptive amount of N,P and K were 6.45, 1.43 and 3.55g / strains in annual growth cycle. New resultant absorbed per kilogram of nitrogen 2.93g, phosphate 1.19g, Potassium 3.99g in adult peach trees.5. The contents of N, P and K in different varieties of peach fruit are quite different. The largest amount of nitrogen absorb per 100kg was found in feichengtao, it was 168.92g;P absorb of wuximi was highest, it was 172.65/100kg,K absorb of lanshanmi was 545.86g/100kg; the lower amount of N and K was in cangfangzaosheng, N was 104.73 and K was 66.30kg. the lower amount of N was in shuguang, it was 289.08g/100kg.
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