Biological Characteristics And Cultivation Of Apple Cultivar 'Pacific Gala'

Our country is the biggest country in the world for apple product, and the main variety of apple is'fuji'which accout for above 65% of total cultivated areas. The proportion seriously imbalance of different maturity and the cultivated area which grow early or medium maturity apple is very small had seriously constrainted the healthy sustainable development of our apple industry. In recent years, in some areas, early or medium maturity apples sell well, and the price is high. Especially in the area of Huanghe River, because of the high temperature and rain in the summer, late maturity apples appears more diseases, the administrative cost is relatively more. What's more, the phenophase of early or medium maturity apple is early, plant early, sell early, and pay back early, so the varieties have been widely accepted by people. Aiming at the industry situations of the main apple producting areas in our country, this research introduced the 'Pacific Gala' and make a comprehensive evaluation for its properties and standardized procuction technology research. We find that the comprehensive properties of the 'Pacific Gala' is visibly better than our main cultivated apple'royal gala', thus we can develop it in large area. At the same time, this research established the production bases, which offer the technical support for a further development of 'Pacific Gala'.The main findings as following:1.'Pacific Gala'is an early-ripening mutant from'RoyalGala'. Most of the plants and agronomic traits are similar. The main differences include: earlier ripening,more vigorous growth vigor and bigger leaves. Average fruit weight around 212.83g, is heavier than'Royal Gala'. Coloration is earlier and brighter.,Soluble solid content is up to 15.4% under good cultivation, and flesh firness becomes larger.'Pacific Gala'not only keeps the traits of early and high yield, its drought resistance but also is stronger than'RoyalGala'.2.Using high performance liquid chromatography, static headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, the flavor quality of 'Pacific Gala' was systematic evaluated. Test results showed that the main sugar of fruit was fructose, followed by glucose, cane sugar, and the main organic acid is malic acid, followed by succinic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, citric acid. Fructose had significant effect on fruit flavor of'Gala apple', and sour flavor was contribute to malic acid, and the comprehensive performance was moderately sweet and sour.11 kinds of aroma components were detected that were hexyl acetate,2-methyl ethyl butyrate, acetate-2-methyl butyl ester, butyl acetate,2-methyl butyric acid hexylester, 2-methyl-butyric acid butyl ester, pentyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, 1-butanol, butyl propionate and hexanal, The fruits was aroma.3.The photosynthesis efficiency ofPacific Gala'is higher than'RoyalGala'.Under sunny condition, the photosynthesis efficiency of'Pacific Gala'is higher than'RoyalGala', but the difference is not significant. During spring and autumn shoot growth period, the photosynthesis efficiency of'Pacific Gala'is higher than'RoyalGala'slightly. The photosynthesis efficiency of'Pacific Gala'has lower stomatal limitation, and other main photosynthesis parameters are better than'RoyalGala'.4.According to the result of investgating, The main diseases of'Pacific Gala'apple have alternaria leaf spot, anthracnose, secondly main diseases have brown spot and powdery mildew, etc; The main pests have asiatic apple leaf miner, apple starscream, aphids, secondary pests have maller apple leaf roller, boat form caterpillars, cockchafer, etc. Baolian, tebuconazole, puhaiyin, yibao had an significant effect on alternaria leaf spot. 50% carbendazim water 600 times liquid, 70% of topstn-methyl water 800 times liquid, 25% tebuconazole cream 2000 times liquid, 40% flusilazole scream 6000 times liquid had an significant effect on anthracnose. 15% of saomanjing scream 2500 times liquid, 25% of azocyclotin water 1500 times liquid,240 g/l spirodiclofen scream 5000 times liquid, 73% propargite scream 2500 times liquid had an significant effect on starscream.25% of chlorbenzuron suspending agent 2000 times liquid,35% of chlorantraniliprole WG 10,000 times liquid, and 2.5% of effective cyhalothrin 2500 times liquid had better effect on apple leaf miner. 3% of acetamiprid scream 2500 times liquid, 10% of imidacloprid water 3000 times liquid, 25% of actara WG10000 times liquid had better effect on apple aphis.This research proposed the main point of cultural technique of'pacific gala':(1)Garden selection: The suitable garden is drainage well, water conveniently and the soil was loose and fertile.(2)Construct the garden at high standard: Fertilize enough organic fertilizer before planting. The planting space is 2×4 (m). (3).The pruning: This variety uses VA type (4)Field management: Apply fertilizer rationally, fertilize early in autumn, fertilize the base fertilizer, and increase NPK compound fat. (5)Insect disease prevention: The main work was preventing and uprooting insect disease in early spring.