Study On Characteristics Of Main Soil Microbiology Diversity In Corn Belt Of Songliao Plain

Songliao Plain is the main maize growing areas in China. In recent years, the soil under affecting between change in global and human activities in region result in not only decline in soil fertility,soil acidification and decrease in crop yields, but also a certain extent threat to agro-ecosystems. The soil microbe as an important part of soil structured the organism function of kinds of soil decompose and transform organic matter in soil, which C, N, P, S has an important role in the cycle, and affect and change the soil chemical properties and physical structure. In addition, the mineral nutrients of plant mainly depend on the biological function of soil. So the soil microbe is known as an important instruction for the reflection of soil fertility status and extent of ecological disturbance.At present, biodiversity has become a research focus at home and abroad, but the most research is more about diversity of animals and plants. The study on soil microbial diversity is relatively small. One important reason is that the microbial diversity research methods are still no direct and effective method. In the past, it is the key way of reflecting the soil quality by physical and chemical characteristics, then the scientists have tried to study microbial diversity to reflect the status of soil quality in recent years. Studied on the black soil in corn belt of songliao plain and sampling from the north of Jilin province to south found two kinds of different configuration of the soil profile due to the different tillage conditions, and the first is the "flat type", which just is discovered in The Gongpeng town of Yushu City, Jilin Province and Fan jia tun town of Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province and the extent is small. The second is the "wave type", which is widely distributed.The study research on the soil microbial diversity in the Gongpeng town of Yushu city under different tillage conditions, including the different tillage conditions affecting on the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, the soil microbial diversity under different tillage conditions and the different tillage conditions affecting on the number of physiological flora of soil bacteria.The results showed that the number of soil microbes, fungi and actinomycetes of flat type is the most in the summer and autumn. While the original type soil is restricted by nutrients and ventilation,so it is relatively low in summer and autumn,and the lowest in summer. In the spring, the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes of original type soil is relatively most. What change on the number of soil microbes, fungi and actinomycetes of original type shows the extent of vegetation cover and soil nutrient content significantly influence on the accumulation of soil microbes, fungi and actinomycetes.The number of soil microbes, fungi and actinomycetes in the flat type and wave type is relatively most in summer, then it will decline in autumn, which shows that the change in the soil nutrients and organic matter content will have a significant influence on the number of microorganismsThe results of Biolog Micro-plate analysis showed that the soil organic matter content will be in favor of increased metabolic activity of soil microbial communities under different tillage conditions. Suitable soil water content and soil aeration are conducive to the diversity and richness of features.When the microorganisms are cultured by Biolog micro-plate, the flat type soil microbial diversity index of Shannon, Shannon evenness index and the AWCD is highest. Principal component analysis also shows the similar result with Shannon diversity index. The microbial communities under different tillage conditions, then the carbon source of carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acids are mainly used under different tillage conditions.The analysis of the number of physiological flora of bacteria in soil shows that soil aeration, pH value and organic matter content have different extent influence on the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in flat type soil, which has relatively high content of organic matter, is more. The better soil aeration is, the more the number of denitrifying bacteria is. The aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is affected by both oxygen and pH value in the soil, and at a relatively high pH value level among the soil, it is conducive to increase the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.