The Studies On Structure Dynamics Of Microbial Community In The Stroma Cushion Of Microbial Fermentation Bed Pigsty In High Temperature Season

With the scale of livestock and poultry production expanding, waste generated as emerging pollution sources in many urban and rural had become a new problem demanding prompt solution. Based on micro-ecological theory of culture techniques of fermentation bed, the animal wastes were decomposed with the help of fermentation microorganisms, as result in pollution being greatly reduced and eco-efficiency being remarkable. The thesis focused on the microbial community structure analysis of microbial fermentation bed by used traditional plate separation combined with the Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs) analysis under the high temperature seasons. the results showed as follow:(1) The result of traditional plate separation showed: in the microbial fermentation bed, the bacteria were the highest(×10~5 cfu/g),followed by the actinomyces (x10~4 cfu/g), and the fungi was minimum (x 10~3 cfu/g).The microorganisms were devided into three groups according to their quantity. The characteristics of groupⅠwere the bacteria content more than 70.00 x10~5 cfu/g, the fungal content more than 70.00 x10~3 cfu/g, and the actinomyces content more than 70.00x10~4 cfu/g. The characteristics of groupⅡwere the bacteria content of 30.00~70.00 x10~5 cfu/g, the fungi of 30.00 ~ 70.00 x10~3 cfu/g, the actinomyces of 30.00~70.00 x10~4 cfu/g. The characteristic of groupⅢwere the bacteria content less than 30.00 x10~5 cfu/ g , the fungi content less than 30.00 x10~3 cfu/g, the actinomyces content less than 30.00 x10~4 cfu/g. In 30 sampling sites, the bacteria averages in the space were distributed with the order from high to low were groupⅡ(40.67%), groupⅠ(30.67%),and groupⅢ(28.67%). The fungi averages were distributed as that groupⅢ(66.00%), groupⅡ(21.33%),andⅠgroup(12.67%). The actinomyces averages were distributed as groupⅢ(67.33%), groupⅡ(28.00%),andⅠgroup(4.67%).(2) The microbial population dynamic curve with quantity-time could be divided into four types such as advanced peak type, central peak type, delayed peak type and petronas-peak type. The bacterial quantity dynamic curve mainly contained the two types of central peak type and delayed peak type, and the fungi curve included all the four types. For the actinomyces, there were main types of advanced peak type and delayed peak type. The averages of bacteria increased firstly, and then dropping the trends in the changes over time, the averages of fungi presented the downward trend basically, and the averages of actinomyces changed gently.(3) The changes index of microbial structure was introduced into the research on treated ratio of content of three types microorganism in microbial fermentation bed. the B/F index refered to bacteria/fungi, the B/ A refered to bacteria/ actinomyces, and the F/A refered to fungi/actinomyces. The results showed that the ratios of bacteria /fung(iB/F value)in the 5th,6th,7th pigstys were narrow range(0.32~8.73,1.29~4.1,0.26~6.89), and the bacteria/fungi structure of them changed little. While the B/F value of 1st, 4th, 8th and 10th pigstys were wide-ranging (0.64~ 55.60,2.68 ~ 79.53, 0.49~ 53.35, 0.69~64.47).The rest three pigstys of 2nd,3rd and 9th range(0.63~16.71,0.13~19.78,0.55~14.64)changed in the middle. The ratio ranges of bacteria/ actinomyces (B/A value) in the four pigstys of 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th were small with the values 0.74 ~ 6.16, 0.18 ~ 4.88, 0.54 ~ 4.13, 0.55 ~ 8.94, and the bacteria/ actinomyces structural scale of them were more stable relatively. Whie the B/A value ranges of six pigstys in 1st, 4th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th were large, of which 10th pigsty change range (1.48:1 ~ 88.39) was the biggest, and bacteria/ actinomyces structural scale varied considerably. The fungi/ actinomyces (F/A value) analysis showed that, fungi/ actinomyces (F/A value) of 10 pigstys were comparatively small (F/A value < 10). The changing range of F/A value of 4th pigsty was minimum (0.3 ~ 1.11), and the F/A value of 10 pigstys were less than 1 on 60th day.(4) According to analysis of aggregation index-negative binomial distribution K index, the aggregation index of bacteria reduced overall, it's spatial distribution changed from random distribution to a aggregated distribution, and the extent of aggregated distribution weakened gradually, the distribution then remained relatively stable level of aggregated distribution. The fungal distribution was of aggregated distribution all along and the extent of aggregation gradually reduced gently. Actinomyces change of aggregated index was relatively bigger ,and it's spatial distribution transformed from aggregated distribution into random distribution and then into aggregated distribution again. The aggregation index of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces were changed little during 30th-60th days, turning to be stable, and the index of actinomyces was higher than bacteria and fungi in this time.It suggested that bacteria, fungi, actinomyces were in relatively stable state of aggregated distribution, and actinomyces aggregated distribution degree was higher than bacteria or fungi.(5) The comparison results of total amount PLFA in different pigstys of different time showed that total amount PLFA changes with time in the same changing trend of " increase - decrease - increase - decrease". Total microorganism PLFA amount of each pigstys on the 1st day (1358607. 33~ 3345488. 00) were similar, and it increased on 15th da(y8981641.33~12464370.33)while decreased on 30th day. On 45th day, total microorganism PLFA amount increased slightly in relative 30th day. And what happened on the 60th day(1458257.33~3078114.00)was as same as 1st day. 16:0 is characteristics identified PLFA of bacterial, 18:1ω9c of fungi, TBSA 10 Me 18:0 of actinomyces and 20:4ω6,9,12,15c of Protozoa. Analysis of identify characteristics PLFA showed that the content changes of them were significantly in the same trend of "decrease - increase - decrease". And the total amount of 20:4ω6, 9,12,15c was less and than the other three and so was the range. The rang of it was frome 16155.93 to 129881.93, changing gently.