Analysis Of Temporal And Spatial Distribution Features Of Livestock And Its Cause In China

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of livestock(pig, cattle and sheep) and its ecological cause were studied by using GIS. Spatial analysis method according to china statistical yearbook in2000,2005,2010.The results as follow:1.Time distribution characteristics of livestock includes pig, cattle, sheep:The amount of pig was518.623million in2000. In2010the amount increased to666.864million. Growth rate is28.58%. The amount of cattle tends to decrease. There’re22provincial-level administrative region’s amount in2010is smaller then2000. The amount of cattle was123.532million in2000. In2010the amount was666.864million. Damping is13.98%. The amount of sheep was290.319million in2000, after the maximum in2005was falling. In2010the amount was280.879million. Damping is3.25%. The total amount of the pigs, cattle, sheep increased from2000in932.474million to2010in105400.7million, the entire trend is growing.2.Spatial distribution characteristics of livestock includes pig, cattle, sheep:From Heilongjiang province to Hebei province, then to Sichuan Province on the line, the amount of pig is large in the Southeast of the line. The amount of pig of the country was89.38%in2000. The amount of pig is little in the Northwest of the line. The amount was10.65%in2010. Among them, the amount of pig is the largest in Sichuan that is71.79million. Followed by Hunan, Henan and Shandong are more than40million. Cattle are mainly distributed in the central economic zone. The amount of cattle is the largest that is10.102million in Henan. Followed by Sichuan, Yunnan, Shandong, Hebei and Xizang are more than6million. Sheep are mainly distributed in the Northwestern and northern regions. Inner Mongolia is52.772million. Xinjiang is30.314million. The amount all are more than10million in Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang, Qinghai and Hebei. Through the clustering analysis, great changes have taken place in the swine, cattle and sheep breeding structure during2000-2010. And the aggregation significant increases gradually, the high and low values of the calorific are connected together. Nationally, the fanning quantity is reducing gradually in more developed coastal regions, the central region is increasing. The western region has no obvious change. In terms of the regional, the breeding quantity reduces in economy developed cities, and it removes from the cities to the remote rural areas.3.Cause analysis of ecological of time and space distribution character:The structure of livestock farming in China is formed by the combined of the natural environment and social economy. The natural environment of our country is the basic factor of forming the pattern of livestock structure, and the other factors are climate and geography, such as temperature, water and hot. So the distributions of pig, cattle and sheep are effected by the combination of nature and social economics. The natural factors are mainly topography and soil factor and heat moisture factor, the social economy are mainly breeding habits and cultural customs.On the one hand, reflects the natural, social and economical having an promotion effect on the breeding structure change, but on the other hand, the breeding structure of the major regionals change little, such as the northeast, Inner Mongolia, Eastern coastal, central and other kinds of regionals which takes on the regional farming inertia has an impedance effect on the farming structure.four factors have a significant positively relation with the affection of pig farming quantity, there are the population, GDP of first industry, the total production of agriculture, forestry and fishing and the total output of grain. The four factors, per capita occupancy of farmland and meat, grain production and the whole grassland, have moderate positive correlation with cattle breeding capacity. While per capital net income in rural residents and the consumption level of residents show a moderate negative correlation. The significant factor effected sheep farming quantity is the grassland area, and the others have a little correlation.