Study On Nitrogen To Effects Of Main Rice Quality Traits And QTLs Mapping

Along with the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement and the adaption international market need, the rice quality improvement has brought to the attention day by day in the various countries, indicated in the former research, two environmental factors to the paddy rice quality influence are most main, one is temperature of the rice in grouting period; the other is in cultivation measure applying fertilizer. In applies fertilizer in the regulation, as is especially prominent to the rice archery target influence take the nitrogen fertilizer; But the rice also is one of important crops in the world, it has become the model crop in monocotyledons for genetic and genomic studies. This experiment including dynamic analysis of the main quality characters with five japonica varieties under two nitrogen levels and QTL preliminary analysis with 123 RILs two parts of contents, its main findings may induce as follows:1. Analysis of dynamic variety about rice quality in different nitrogen fertilizer levels.Grain shape: Length/width of the rice grain were not basic change in N0 level, but under N10 level assume minish trend. As for the same grouting time, varieties have obvious differentia for length/width in two levels. Thereinto,zhengjingyou1 was most,huajing2 was secondly, the least was yanjing7.But,the same trends in different grouting time ,so, grain shape differentia has been assume in grouting prophase not anaphase. Grain thick change have same trend during grain grouting under two nitrogen levels, along with grouting course were obvious became thickness. As 25d bound, prophase are rapid more than anaphase for gain in per day, also, N10 level more than N0. Different grouting time have different rate of gain in with different varieties, thereinto, yanjing5 was most in two levels, 0.72mm/d and 1.00mm/d respectively during prophase, but ,wuyujing3 was most for 0.25mm/d in N0 level and zhongjing3 was most for 0.24mm/d in N10 level.Cooking quality: Dynamic change tendency of the total amylose content basic was consistent during grouting in two nitrogen levels, the grouting prophase (earing to 20d) the grain amylose content assumes the increase tendency, latter drops.The grain amylose average content is higher than the N0 level in the entire grouting advancement under the N10 level, but the variety has the difference;Different grouting stage during various varieties gel comsistency(GC) the difference was obvious, the nitrogen changes to GC has the certain influence. Under the N0 level the GC mean assumes the rise along with the grain grouting advancement the tendency, but under the N10 levels GC meanassumes the drop tendency , simultaneously is not difficult to see, the grain GC mean was lower than the N0 level in the entire grouting advancement under the N10 level;Gelatinization temperature did not obvious difference under different phase between nitrogen levels and varieties.Protein content: After tassel for 15 days, different variation tendencies exist in the thick albumen content of five varieties, hit in N0, N10 two levels lay seed grain thick albumen content an obvious downward trend with increase on day such as Zhongjing3 among them, until N10 level is while punishing seed in the grain albumen contents thick higher than N0 treat, especially, albumen content of Zhongjing3 in N10 level higher than N0 level, respectively increase by 4.8%,5.5%and 1.9% after tassel 15,20,40d; 20 day every variety seed albumen content of grain tassel , N0 level down ascendant trend to be obvious, 25 day except Zhongjing3 and Huajing2 continue rise tendencies k content to max , other three variety present downward trend, and when after tassel on 30 days, Yanjing7 and zhengjingyou1 show a tendency to go up ; Under N10 level, relatively N0 level is more obvious in every assortment variation tendency.K and Mg content: In dynamic change of k content of rice grain analysis show four varieties go up obviously except Zhenjingyou1 to be downward tend obviously before tassel 20d,but, after 20d change is reverse tend than before 20d. The result too show k content does not basically change to get 30 days of tassel. The results of analysis of Mg content dynamic change show among five varieties change tend exist difference obviously in two nitrogenous fertilizer levels. Huajing2 and zhenjingyou1change tend are most prominent in N0 level. But, under N10 level, change tendencies of each varieties is higher prominent in different periods than under N0 level , but , Mg total content does not change. Thereinto, Zhongjing3 is most prominent. Experiment this to construct nitrogen level carry on t test result indicate: Construct nitrogen level to rice seed thick albumen and Mg content difference prominent in the grain, and extremely prominent level of K content in rice seed one.The correlation analysis of comprehensive character: Under level at N0 is the long /wide and thicknesses of grain of rice, rate of brown rice, rate of milled, ASD,k content,all to be positive correlation trend, thereinto, among them reach the extremely prominent level with AC; And heavy with a thousand of brown rice, GC , thick albumen , Mg , Mg/K show a tendency to shoulder relevantly; Thickness of grain of rice and a thousand of brown rice in weight producing rough to lead , appear precise to lead , paste temperature , present extremely prominent positive correlation with thick albumen present , shoulder relevant notably; A thousand of brown rice heavy only with happen precise rate reach extremely positive correlation more , and GC the prominent positive correlation with happen rough rate, and is presented and defeated by with the thick albumen notably relevantly. Experimental result too indicate : appear precise to lead influence paste temperature, is the prominent positive correlation not merely still, and influence the content of the thick albumen in the rice , present and shoulder extremely notably relevantly; Within the range of the certain one, K content and Mg content are the obvious straight trend change in the rice, it is the prominent positive correlation, except that K content and Mg/K value present and shoulder extremely notably relevantly, other indexes do not reach the prominent level , among them AC , GT , thick albumen and Mg/K value show a tendency to shoulder . The relevance variation tendency between two pieces of nitrogen every property of plain horizontal rice is basically identical , but the difference exists in relevant intensity .2. QTL preliminary analysis of the rice main quality traits(1) In F8 RILs, all examined quality traits display continuous variation and approximately normal distribution , indicating all of these traits were quantitative inherited.(2) Under the N0 level, PKV,BDV and GC were positively correlated, but SBV,PAT and GC were positively and negative correlated; GT and BDV,SBV were negative and positively correlated ;AC and HPV, CPV, SBV, CSV assume remarkably positively correlation, but and PET remarkable correlation. Under the N10 nitrogen level, GC and RVA profile correlation coefficient has not reached the remarkable level, moreover the correlation tendency with in has not executed under the N0 level to have the opposite tendency; GT only assumes with PET remarkably negative correlation; AC and CPV, PKV, HPV assume the remarkable negative correlation level; PKV and PET was not remarkable level .Under two nitrogen levels, HPV,BDV,CPV with PKV all assume remarkably correlation, at same time, CPV, PET with HPV also assume remarkably positively correlation.(3) A molecular linkage map of 116 SSR markers was constructed by using internal mapping, and covered a total length of 2337.6cM with an average distance of 20.2cM between adjacent markers in rice genome. (4) Under N0 level,total 13 QTLs for rice main quality traits, thereinto, PKV(2QTLs) all were was detected on chromosome 5,additive effect respectively be - 13.61, -14.20; HPV (1 QTL), locates in the 11th chromosome; BDV (3 QTLs), separately locates in chromosomes 3 5, 12; SBV (1 QTL), locates in the 5th chromosome; CSV (1 QTL), also locates in the 5th chromosome; A grain of width (1 QTL), locates in chromosome 2; AC (2 QTLs), GC (1 QTL), GT (1 QTL), separately locates in 2nd, 6, 8, in 11 chromosomes. Three starches viscosities (RVA) parameter (PKV, BDV, SBV) examine identical QTL, in the 5th chromosome, the corresponding sector is RM430~RM440, the additive effect value respectively is, 2.69, 3.13, 2.76.(5) Under N10 level, total 12QTLs for rice main quality traits, among, PKV (2 QTLs) distinguishes simultaneously to locate in 8th, 9 chromosomes; HPV (2 QTLs), separately locates in 1st, 6 chromosomes; CPV (2 QTLs) separately locates in 1st, 6 chromosomes, AC (2 QTLs), GC (2 QTLs); GT (1 QTL), separately locates in chromosomes.2,4, 6, 8.