Diversity Of Fungi Of Sooty Blotch And Fly Speck Of Apple In China

Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) of apples (Malus domestica) is a disease with complex symptoms and fungi, mainly occurring on the cuticle of pomaceous fruit in growth late-season. Epiphytic fungi caused surface spots or blotches on the cuticle of apples, resulting in produce that is inestimable loss to farmers and consumers. At present, the ecology of sooty blotch and flyspeck is unclearly understood because the fungi are difficult to isolate and rarely produce conidia or spores on cultured common medium or apple surface. The object of the study is to get some basic information for further studying diversity of symptoms and caused fungi apple sooty blotch and flyspeck, and controlling the disease, through plotting symptoms of apple sooty blotch and flyspeck, inducing conidia of isolates and identified partial fungi that isolated from apple surface having sooty blotch and fly speck.In this study, symptoms types were plotted and identified pathogens of sooty blotch and fly speck on apple, samples were collected from different places in Shaanxi Province, Shandong Province, Yunnan Province, Liaoning Province, Hebei Province, China. Five types of symptoms were included in sooty blotch (samples 325), fuliginous types included smooth fuliginous and coarse fuliginous, punctuate types including shine and dark punctuates, honeycomb type, granual type,ramose. Fly speck were contained two types, respectively shield types and pinpoint type there was occurred sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple, by coordinating and symptoms parted, gotten useful 349 samples. Samples of sooty blotch were 325; samples of flyspeck were 24. Symptoms of sooty blotch contain five types: fuliginous (smooth fuliginous and coarse fuliginous), punctate (shine punctate and dark punctate), honeycomb, ramose and granule. Symptoms of flyspeck contain shield flyspeck and pinpoint flyspeck.13 isolates produced conidia in culturing conditions. 5 isolates of other produced conidia by different medium induced. Ideal isolative medium is PDA by selecting from four different media in cultured procession; best medium of induced conidia is PDA+carnation leaves by selecting from six different media. Everyone of isolates that produced conidia were inoculated, and same isolates were gotten and symptoms were similar.18 isolates that produced conidia were achieved and classified five genera, by cultured and morphological characteristics, and through phylogenetic analysis of internal transcriber...