The Study On Mechanization Technical System Of Conversation Tillage In Gansu Province

Due to the prominent superiority in decreasing run off,improving soil fertility,restraining dust, preventing soil and water erosion and soil desertification and the important effects on water and cost saving anti-drought,yield increase,ecosystem environment construction and improving the sustainable development of agriculture,conservation tillage were considered to be an important and effective method in increasing the yield and peasant's income and advancing the economic development of rural area.In this experiment,the conservation tillage on corn and winter wheat in Xifeng and Huachi and on winter wheat in Gangu were taken to be the represent of loess plateau,and on spring wheat and spring corn in Suzhou,Hexi corridor as the represent of irrigated area.Adopting the local traditional tillage then sowing with drilling machine as the control treatment,the experiment with stubble remaining,tilling at fallow stage and sewing with no-tillage seeding-machine was carried out.through the survey of soil water content,the traits of crop development,yield,production cost,the appropriate conservation tillage models in different ecological section were probed into which applied a technique base for the extension of conservation tillage in Gansu province.The main results as following:1.According to the characteristics of farming system and the recent results,pointed out the 3 kinds of considered conservation tillage that were corn-spring wheat model,spring wheat-corn model and corn-corn model in Hexi corridor.In terms of the natural ecological environment,farming system and recent results,the 6 kinds of models were considered to be effective that were winter wheat-winter wheat model,broom corn millet or millet-corn model,broom corn millet or millet -spring wheat model,winter wheat-autumn crop model,rape-soybean model and spring corn-winter wheat model.In the end,the technique craft system,the craft process,operation points and necessary machine were put forward.2.The mechanization technique was the main carrier and straw cover and no-tillage seeding were the core of conservation tillage.The management of making furrows,seeding,fertilizing,covering soil and suppressing together with no-tillage seeding machine was mainly suitable for the seeding operation that the former crop was low straw crop,while the revolving strip seeding management making furrows,seeding, fertilizing,covering soil and suppressing together with the revolving strip seeding and fertilizing machine was mainly suitable for the operation that had the high straw crop such as corn or the crop that had large straw as former crop.3.Choosing different straw treating methods and covering techniques should consider different conditions and different crops.The straw cover patterns that were suitable for Gansu province had two kinds:one was planting winter wheat in the field that had the winter wheat as former crop and planting corn in the stubble of autumn crop and spring wheat,the other was multiply planting winter wheat,spring wheat or corn in corn stubble.4.Were pointed out the applying points and the processing techniques on stubble or straw treatment such as straw cover and preservation,the topsoil processing technique such as shallow harrow,circle and loose technique,the requirement on no-tillage seeding machine and seeding techniques such as no-tillage and decreased tillage,the technique on weeds control and plant disease and insect pest prevention and cure, the proper condition,operation requirement and period of mechanize deep loose technical.Were summarized the factors that should be considered during the process of machine collocation and operation, the particular requirement of the main machine such as no-tillage seeding machine and shallow loose machine and the soil till machine and no-tillage seeding machine that were fit for conservation tillage in arid and irrigated area in Gansu.5.Straw smashing and mechanism function in harvest in straw or stubble processing techniques and the depth,the horizontal level and straw length in topsoil processing technique were the important index. No-tillage(or decreased tillage)technique need the machine has various functions,such as high straw jam preventing and smashing ability.The operation capability of machine was the precondition for the smooth actualization of conservation tillage.The crop speciality,soil type,field management methods,rotate system,agronomic requirement,the straw quantity that covered in the field and the present power should be taken as the foundation of choosing,absorbing or developing machines.6.Through the determination of soil water content of three soil layers(0～50cm,50～100cm,100～180cm)in different stage,It showed that soil water content in 0～50cm layer of winter fallow stage, seeding time and harvest time had increase on different degrees compared with control treatment,while the content in 50～100cm increased at the first two stage and had different behaviors on different crops at harvest time as the conservation tillage was used.After the conservation tillage carried out,the winter wheat yield in Xifeng and Gangu increased 109.5 kg/hm~2-522kg/hm~2 compared conservation tilled with conventional one,the yield of spring wheat and corn increased 153 kg/hm~2 and 79.5kg/hm~2 in Suzhou respectively,except the corn yield decreased 210kg/hm~2 compared with the film covered one(but It still increased compared with conventional one).After the conservation tillage was used on corn,production cost decreased 330￥～615￥/hm~2 working procedure and labor force were saved 45～75 times of operation and 40～120 days,respectively.7.Some key problems during the application of mechanism conservation tillage were put forward.One was wide adaptability of the planting frame adjusting and mechanism conservation tillage,two was collocation between mechanism conservation tillage and reasonable rotation and crop rotation.Three was stable yield and sustainable development of conservation tillage;Four was the establishment of craft route of conservation tillage.Five was deep loose and topsoil processing techniques in conservation tillage.Six was the comprehensive prevention and cure of disease insect and weed;Seven was guarantee integration measures conservation tillage;Eight was research problem for conservation tillage.