Study On Extraction Of Bioactive Substances From Pinaceae Plants And Its Application In Animal Husbandry

Bioactive substances were extracted by alcohol from Pinus massoniana lamb, fresh skin of pinus tabulaeformis and tender branch, which grown in Funiu Mountain areas.The flavonoids content was 78.65%(Proanthocyanidin accounted for 41.27% of total), Other substances were r-methyl-ethylpropyl-cyclohexabiene,α-pinene,β-pinene,volatile oil,polyphenols,tannins and organic acids.Effects of bioactive substances on production of beef, growing-finising pig and broiler was studied. Crossbred of Charolais X Henan West locals was fed diets with supplemented with 0.02% and 0.04% pinaceae extracts. The results showed that the daily gain was 0.80kg in group I and increased by 53.84%(P<0.05),the ratio of feed intake/weight gain decreased by 35.62% (P<0.05) compared with that of the control group. The values were 0.72kg,39.34% (PO.05), 28.23% (PO.05), respectively in group II compared with that of the control group. No significant difference was found between group I and group II.It was concluded that the extracts of pinaceae plants could promote markedly the growth of finishing beef.Crossbred pigs form Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire were fed basic diets supplemented with 0.02% and 0.04% pinaceae extracts for 95 days .Three pigs of each group were slaughtered to determine the effects of extracts on the performance of growth, carcass quality and meat traits. The average daily gain in experiment I was 755.79g,it increased by 18.40% (P<0.05) compared with that of the control group, the ration of feed intake/weight gain was 3.19 to l,which decreased by 19.85%(P<0.05) compared with that of the control group. The values were 739.88gl5.91% (P<0.05), 3.25 to 1, 18.34%(P<0.05) respectively in experiment II, No significant difference was found between two experiment groups. The incidence of diarrhea was 5.6% in control group and the disease had not happen in two experiment groups. Urine was collected from three pigs selected randomly to test the remain of Clenbuterol hydrochloride by the method of ELISA for pig regulated by Agriculture Research Service in Veterinary Pharmaceutics Inspection Institute of Animal Husbandry Bureau of Henan Province. The negative results in total 18-urine sample showed that there were no clenbuterol hydrochloride in pinaceae extracts.Slaughter test showed that there was no significantly difference in dressing percentage among three groups. The lean cut proportion increased by 11.58%(P<0.05) and 12.07% (P<0.05) respectively in experiment I and II,Loin-eye area increased by 11.58%(P<0.05) and 12.07% (P<0.05), proportion of back leg/carcass increased by 29.02%(P<0.05)and 29.33% (P<0.05), fat ratio decreased by 58.22% (P<0.01) and 53.81%(P<0.01) compared with that of control group. There were no difference in fat weight,kidney weight, head weight, food weight, back fat thickness among three group. The PH,color score, tenderness had not show the difference between experiment I and II,while the marbling score increased (P>0.05 ) ,the losing ratio decreased by 9.32%(P<0.05)and 10.53% ( P<0.05 ) ,the rate of cooking loss increased by 4.47%(P<0.05) and 2.33%(P<0.05) respectively. It was concluded that the extracts of pinaceae plants can promote markedly the growth of finishing pigs, enhance the disease resistance and improve the carcass quality and meat traits.Broilers were fet basic Avian diets supplemented with 0.02%and 0.04% pinaceae extracts during the feeding period. Six broilers randomly slaughtered in each group. Compared with that of control, the ADG increased by 13.04% (PO.05) and 10.86%(P<0.05), ADFI increased by 3.81% (P>0.05) and 2.86% (P>0.05), feed efficiency increased by 13.1% (P<0.05) and 8.73% (P<0.05) in experiment I and II.There was no statistical significance in feed efficiency between two experiments. Death rate in experiment I and II was decreased by 40% and 60%. There were no significant difference in the percentage of brisket muscle yield, the percentage of belly muscle yield, the percentage of belly fat weight, water content of brisket muscle and the rate of cooking loss in brisket muscle among three groups. but the percentage of leg muscle yeild,the PH of brisket muscle were higher markedly than those of control group(P<0.05) .It was concluded that the extracts of pinaceae plants could promote the broilers growth and improve the carcass quality and decrease the body fat content. Broilers were fet basic Avian diets supplemented with 500mg/kg,1000mg/kg,5000mg/kg pinaceae extracts during the whole growth period. Five broilers randomly were weighted and slaughtered when they were 3 and 7-week-year- old age in each group. Spleen, thymus and hursal were collected and weighted at once after slaughter. Blood was collected from heart of 5 broilers aseptically to test the lymphocytes conversion rate when they were 7-week-year-old age. The results showed that low pinaceae extracts concentration of broilers diet had promotion function on the development of immune orgnic; high pinaceae extracts concentration of broilers diet had inhibiting effect on the development of the secondary immune organ, spleen, inhibited the development of primary immune organ in early growth period and promoted it in later growth period. Low pinaceae extracts concentration of broilers diet increased significantly the conversion rate of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and had promotion function on the development of immune organ, but the high pinaceae extracts concentration of broilers diet had contrary results.