Research On Upright Helix Furrowing Opener And Characteristics Of Ditching Machine

The ditching machine is the special engineering equipment in the crag earth final assembly construction, which is widely used for continual ditching operation in engineering construction such as communication electric cable, petroleum pipe line, irrigation and water conservation as well as military.Along with the social economical rapid development and the enhancement of production mechanization degree, the market cannot be satisfied by the domestic existing ditching machine which has been researched and produced, the special ditching machinery is needed urgently by the market in order to replace the manpower and the general excavator. At present, however, variety of the special ditching equipment in our country is single, the application domain is narrow and the majority of ditching constructions are still staying in the level of artificial excavation or using general hydraulic pressure excavator. The shortcomings of ditching gutter by artificial or general excavator result in phenomenons such as slow construction speed, low efficiency, big labor intensity, difficult management, high expense, bad ditch shape, especially the correlation hard soil is difficult to be excavated. Moreover, imports price of the special ditching machine is too expensive to meet the domestic users' demands. Therefore, it is extremely essential to research a special gutter equipment which should suit to our national condition, meet the domestic ditch construction need, and the price is inexpensive.This article rests on "the vertical spiral ditching machine research" project which was entrusted by the DaQing petroleum administrative bureau to provide the special gutter construction equipment for installing small-caliber underground circuitry and provide the technical preparation for the heavy-caliber underground oil gas transportation pipe line construction and lay the technology base for the permanent frozen earth gutter machinery research. The structure and the performance parameter of the vertical spiral furrow opener which is used to break soil and transport soil and the whole vehicle power match and stability characteristics are researched. The main research content is as follows:(1) The influence of clay characteristics on ditching machine performance. Through the analysis of the soil physical property and mechanics characteristics, and considering the soil propertry of practical work place, the gutter-soil is considered ideally as yellow clay. On the basis of this, the influence of the yellow clay water content, the intensity, compactness and cohesiveness on the furrow opener performance are analyzed. The analysis lays the foundation for the design of the furrow opener structure and the movement parameter.(2) Characteristics analysis of the upright helix furrowing opener. According to the ditch condition and the ditch shape request, the shape of the spiral cutting tool that is the spiral angle of equiangular and mutative pitch line is determined, the formula about host parameter spiral angle and the pitch are given, the main performance parameter of vertical spiral furrow opener cutting tool structure, the pitch, spiral angle, the cutting tool forming are analyzed. With the ditch design request, the design structure parameter of spiral furrow opener is determined, primary election cutting tool spiral angleθthat is 62. 4ois chosen. On the basis of the soil physical mechanics characteristics theory, the furrow opener parameter of movement is determined, furrow opener critical rotation speeds parameter of movement is analyzed and calculated, the actual rotational speed that is 264r/min is established. Through researching the row of earth rule of spiral cutting tool and the leaf blade shape, the furrow opener power loss is divided into three parts: the excavation power loss, the transportation power loss and the soil body acceleration and throwing power loss. Furrow opener power losses are separately analyzed, and the furrow opener total power loss that is 4050 .08Wis obtained. With the power loss analysis and the hydraulic pump current capacity, BM5-315 great torque low speed cycloid oil motor is chosen. The concrete parameter is 610N·m Nominal torque, 320r/min rated speed and 100L/min rated current capacity.(3)Furrow opener parameter optimization. In order to reduce the gutter-power dissipation and increase the gutter productivity, helix angle of the furrow opener was optimized by the computer software. The power consumption and the productivity are taken respectively as objective functions. The SQP algorithm is utilized on the basis of the restraint condition that was the torque restraint, the performance restraint, the geometry restraint. The result is that theθvalue equals to 63.5 degree, the power consumption is minimum; theθvalue equals to 55.4 degree, the productivity is maximum. Finally the helix angle value equals to 55.4 degree is taken as the best helix angle value.(4)Analysis of entire machine performance of ditching machine. The performance match of engine and torque for the ditching machine could reach the gutter request, each resistance power loss can be overcome by the engine force of traction to reach the balance; the ditching machine active power could provide enough power to complete the ditching operation. The restricted relations among the quantity, the vehicle speed and the spiral cutting tool rotational speed are analyzed on the basis of using cutting motion curve of the spiral cutting tool soil and clay characteristics are considered, the result is that when the rotational speed constant, the towed speed of ditching machine and the enters of cutting tool became direct ratio relation, the best matched speed is 400m/h vehicle speed, 224r/min rotational speed, 1.3cm entered for measures.(5) The tests and the analysis. The research plan and the theoretical analysis of vertical spiral ditching machine are confirmed accuracy by actual ditch experiment, simultaneously some deficiencies are discovered in the analysis. For example, there is a little remnant earth and the crushed stone in the ditch sole; the partial crushed stones cannot be smoothly discharge along with the cutting tool but falls into the ditch sole; it is difficult for the cutting tool to excavat trenching pit independently and so on. To solve these problems, we can fix a rowing and clearing installment to eliminate the remnant earth and dispose other excavation parts to trenching pit. With the advance in modern technology and the fast enhancement of the product craft, the vertical spiral ditching machine and its correlation technologies have thoroughly been studied. In future in the domain of gutter machinery, large-scale, specialized, the environmental protection ditching machine will have the further development, particularly the machinery, electronic, the information processing, the control and computer software will be organically utilized to the ditching machine domain, which will make the research in the ditching machine have a broader development space.