Study On Phenotypic Diversity In H.rhamnoides Subsp.sinensis And H.rhamnoides Subsp.yunnanensis With A Discussion On Origin Of H.goniocarpa

H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis,H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis and H. goniocarpa are economically important water and soil conservative species endemic to China. Phenotypic diversity in H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis and H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis was studied by using mathematical statistics methods. This may provide insights for uncovering variational trends ,distributive pattern, mechanism and reason of adaption to their surroundings. Hybrid origin of H. goniocarpa was studied by using hybrid index ,pictorialized scatter diagram as well as principal component analysis methods. The main results are as follows:Coefficient of variation(CV) of 13 morphological traits in H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis varied between 8.13% and 23.85% with an average CV of 15.45%. CV values of leaf, fruit and seed were 22.21%,13.70% and 8.68% respectively. Relative range of leaf, fruit and seed were 0.554, 0.462 and 0.517 respectively. Variance analysis of phenotypic traits showed that there were extremely significant differences among and within populations. Phenotypic differention coefficient(V_ST)of 13 morphological traits ranged from 15.66% to 83.63% .The mean phenotypic differention coefficient (V_ST) showed that the variation among populations(51.60%) was slightly higher than that within populations. There was no significant difference on leaf morphologic characters between female and male plants in H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis. Results of correlation analysis showed that there was significant variation among populations along longitude, latitude and altitude. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, phenotypic traits have obvious difference between east and west part in which H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis, live.Coefficient of variation(CV) of 13 morphological traits in H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis ranged from 7.71% to 26.86% with an average CV of 1638%. CV values of leaf, fruit and seed were 23.5%,15.23%,8.64% respectively. Relavive range of leaf, fruit and seed were 0.782,0.640,0.553 respectively. CV values of populations in northeast and south areas with an average CV of 17.39% is higher than that of populations in central and north areas. Variance analysis of phenotypic traits showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences among and within populations. Phenotypic differention coefficient(V_ST) of 13 morphological traits ranged from 13.51% to 79.89%. The mean phenotypic differention coefficient (V_ST) showed that the variation within populations(37.02%) was higher than that among populations(62.98%). Based on correlation analysis, Duncan's Multi-comparison analysis, clustering analysis, phenotypic variation of natural populations within H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis species was affected mainly by latitude in spatial distribution and there were significant phynotypic difference between populations in south and north.Results of mean value of phynotypic traits showed that H. goniocarpa had mediacy between H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis and H. neurocarpa. Based on hybrid index analysis, scatter diagram and clustering analysis, H. goniocarpa has close relationship with H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis and H. neurocarpa, which supports hybrid origin of H. goniocarpa.Based on above, follow conclusions can be obtained:(1)There is abundant phenotypic diversity in H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis on population level. (2)Ecological factor is one of main reasons which result phenotypic variation in H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis and H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis. (3)Phenotypic characteristics in H. rhamnoides subsp, sinensis and H. rhamnoides subsp, yunnanensis display a significant ecological gradient variation. (4)Because of different phenotypic differention in H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis, different measures should be applied in conservation and utilization of the species. (5)Hybrid origin of H. goniocarpa is supported by phenotypic characteristics.