Effect Of 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene And Naphthalene Stress On The Growth Of Zizania Latifolia

As a kind of characteristic vegetable originated from China, water bamboo (Zizania latifolia Turcz.) was mainly cultivated along Yangze River and its south areas. After 1980s, Zizania latifolia has been introduced to many areas of China with the adjustment of planting structure and the reformation of vegetable circulation system. It has been sold and consumed around China, and has become one of the 22 vegetables which are maximal consumed at present. Some processed products of Zizania latifolia have been exported to other countries such as Japan, Korea, North America, European Union and Australia.With the high-speed economy development of our country, environment pollution in water, air and soil has become more and more serious. It will influence the operation of sustainable development of our country. Chlorobenzenes (CBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are used in industry, agriculture and medicine production as important materials and intermedias for dyestuff, pesticide and medicine. But they can come into environment in the form of waste water, garbage and exhaust gases which were not propriety treated, and result in the pollution of different ecology environment in water. In this paper, typical cultivars of Zizania latifolia namely jiangshu (single-harvested cultivar) and fenghongzao (double-harvested cultivar) as a kind of characteristic hydrophytic vegetable in Jiangsu are used, to study the influence of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and naphthalene on the growth of autumn-harvested cultivars, in order to provide some theoretical evidences to the safty production of hydrophytic vegetables. The main results showed as follows:1. TCB and NAP stress could affect morphological indexes of Zizania latifolia. The results showed that the survival rate of seedling, plant height, reciprocal 3rd leaf area, tiller number of Zizania latifolia was decreased along with increase of TCB and NAP stress concentration. The influence of TCB stress on the decline range of these morphological indexes was higher than that of NAP, which indicated that the morphological toxicity of TCB on Zizania latifolia was higher than that of NAP. Decline range of Jiangshu was less than that of Fenghongzao in these Morphological indexes, so there are differences among cultivars. Comparatively, emerged leaf number was a non-sensitive morphological index. Decline range of Morphological indexes of Zizania latifolia was reduced in anaphase, which indicated that some adaptability of Zizania latifolia on toxic organic pollutant stress had appearance along with the TCB and NAP stress period.2. TCB and NAP stress could also affect physiological indexes of Zizania latifolia. The results showed that along with increase of TCB and NAP stress concentration, all of SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) of leaf, activity of root, soluble protein content in leaf and root were decreased, while relative cytomembrane permeability of leaf and root, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf and root were increased, but activity of protection enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in leaf and root of Zizania latifolia were decreased. There are differences among leaf and root in physiological indexes. The influence of TCB stress on the decline range of these physiological indexes was higher than that of NAP, which indicated that the physiological toxicity of TCB on Zizania latifolia was also higher than that of NAP. But change range of Jiangshu was higher than that of Fenghongzao, which was different from morphological index, maybe it was correlated with cultivars. Decline range of physiological indexes of Zizania latifolia was also reduced in anaphase.3. All of gall number in average, weight, length, longitudinal diameter, transect diameter of gall and yield of Jiangshu and Fenghongzao were decreased along with increase of TCB and NAP stress concentration. Among them, decline range of weight, length, vertical length, horizontal Length of gall and yield were less, while decline range of gall number was higher, which resulted in the even higher decline range of yield. The inhibition of TCB stress on these yield indexes of Zizania latifolia was higher than that of NAP, which indicated that the total toxicity of TCB on Zizania latifolia was higher than that of NAP. Decline range of Jiangshu was less than that of Fenghongzao in these yield indexes, which indicated that the endurance of Jiangshu on TCB and NAP was high than that of Fenghongzao, so there are differences among cultivars.