| Pinus taiwanensis is an endemic species of China, and an important timber and landscape tree species distributed at the vertical zone 750～2800m alt. in mountain areas of the southeastern China. Because of its broader distribution pattern, a study on geographical variation of the species is significant for adequate utilization or protection of germplasm resource of the species and its sylviculture practice as well. On the other hand, understading of the variation regular will contribute to comprehend the genetic relationship of different geographical populations, it will also provide a theoretical basis for sylviculture practice and management.Based on both morphological and molecular perspective the geographical variatios of the species collected from 15 spots in its natural distribution areas were studied in the dissertation. SPSS13.0 and SAS statistic software were employed to make analysis of some morphological characteristics of needles and cones. For needle, such indexes as length, dimamer, biomass, surface area were measured and as well as the stomatal-related indexes, such as density of stomata was accounted under SEM(Scanning Electric Microscope) ; For cone, length and diameter, biomass, water content was measured, too. At molecular level, the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic Diversity) technique based on PCR (Polymeraser Chain Reaction) is performed and thus Gene Identity and Gene Distance analyzed by Popgene32 was used for distinguishing of variation at the both population level and individual level. Eventually, the natural distributions of the species are clustered respectively based on the morphology-related indexes and the Gene Distance.The results showed as the follows(1) There are significant variations for the morphological indexes of needle and cone mentioned above in geographical population groups.(2) The indexes as length and diameter of cones of the species were significantly related to both longtitude and latitude, but longtitude is a chief gegorphic factor. The two indexes of cones changed negatively along the longtitude factor.(3) Such indexes as length,water content,fresh weight and suface area of needles were significantly related to longtitude ,but the needle diameter was to the contrary . Other morphology-related indexes as needle biomass, distance between lines and stomatal density changed along the longtitude factor, too.(4)The resin ducts was not singnificantly related to geogrphic factors but effected by heat(sunshine duration, (?) 10℃accumulated temperature)and moisture factors(annual precipitation). About 96.7% of resin ducts numbers in 15 plots were decided by the linear combination of geographic and climatic factors.(5) 16 primers out of 30 primers were selected as ultimate primers of RAPD. The number of amplified Bands varied from 4 to 10 by each primer and was 118 alleles in all, 83.05% of which are polymorphic locus, about 98 in number.(6)Gene Identity varied about from 0.5-0.8 and is the largest between the population of Miaodao Mt. and that of Huangshan Mt, in AnHui province ,which shows close genetic relationship between groups. Gene Distanace vaied from 0.1-0.6 and is largest between the population of Jiuhua Mt.in AnHui province and that of Mufu Mt. in HuNan province.(7)The Geography Distance is related to Gene Distance to some extent and the relation curve shapes "S" type. In other words, Gene Distance change positively along Geography Distance.(8)Based on the stomatal-related indexes under SEM and all the morphology-related indexes the natural distribution is catergorized 6 sections whose locations are identical to longtitudial zonality. Based on the Gene Distance and UPGMA aided by Popgene32, it was also clustered 6 sections and the clustering result is similar to that based on the stomatal-related indexes and the morphology-related indexes.(9)Based on optimized clustering results,the natural distributions of Pinus taiwanensis are divided 6 sections.
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