Research On The Absorption, Accumulation And Distribution Of Nutrients In High-yielding Winter Wheat

Mineral nutrients have small percentage in dry weight of crop plants, but they playimportant role in regulating crop plants, especially have the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium on crop yield and quality. The influence of boron, zinc, Mn cannot be neglected. Therelationship of the absorption, accumulation and partition of nutritive elements in super highyield winter wheat had not been reported, in view of this, the experiment was conducted onYi-an farm of Gaocheng county, Hebei during 2004-2006. After completed field experiment of"Science and technology project of food production", the materials which fetched from fieldwas handled in lab. The levels of nitrogen, phosphors, potassium and the trace elements ofboron, zinc, Mn in winter wheat were detected. The absorption, accumulation and partition ofnutritive elements in high yield winter wheat were discussed. High yield, water-saving, useefficiency of fertilizer was the goal in cultivation techniques management. The research was alsoconcerned the optimized management of the application levels of water and fertilizer. The maimresults were summarized as follows:1. Comparison of different organs absorbed and accumulated macro elements in winterwheat. Nitrogen content in leaf blade was the highest in earlier stages, in latter stages the grainswas the highest. Intensify of nitrogen accumulation can reflect the absorption of nitrogen inwinter wheat. There were two peaks of nitrogen absorption: jointing to booting, after 20 days to30 days of anthesis. The former was lower than the latter. But the critical stage of fertilizer wasfrom jointing to booting. The trend of change on the content of phosphorus in different organsand stages was similar to nitrogen. But the content of phosphorus was far lower than nitrogen.The trend of change on the content of potassium was different of nitrogen and phosphorus.Among all the organs of the winter wheat, the content of potassium in the stems was the highest.The peak of the accumulation of potassium was booting. After booting period potassium lossbegan. The intensify of potassium in booting was the biggest (3420g·hm^-2·d^-1). The sensitivestages about potassium absorption was booting. Supplying enough potassium can promotegrowth and development of winter wheat, promote phosphorus and nitrogen absorption,increase material production of winter wheat. 2. Comparison of different organs absorbed and accumulated boron in winter wheat.Boron partition in leaf blade was the highest in all organs of winter wheat. The comparisonamong different stages, the concentration of boron was increasing from pre-winter to booting,but decreasing from booting to anthesis. From anthesis to maturity, the concentration of boronincreased again. The absorption of boron was mainly divided into two stages: pre-jointing andafter jointing. Most of the boron was accumulated after jointing. The critical period of wheat forboron requirement was booting. With the advance of the growth stages, accumulation of boronwas increased. Accumulation of boron in jointing was as twice as that in double ridge. Fromjointing to anthesis accumulation of boron keep sustainable growth. Accumulated absorption ofboron in the stages of jointing, anthesis and maturity was 30%, 50% and 100% separations.Wheat requires very little boron. With the increase of yield, more boron is accumulated.Accumulation of boron at different stages, double ridge-jointing is the max, jointing-booting isthe second, booting-anthesis is the third, pre-winter and pre-winter-double ridge W no greatdifference; booting-anthesis is the minimum. Intensify of boron accumulation of wheat frommax to minimum is anthesis-mautrity, jointing-booting, double ridge-jointing, booting-anthesis,pre-winter and pre-winter-double.3. Absorption and accumulation characteristics of Zn and Mn of wheat. The absorptionand accumulation of zinc was slow before the stage of booting. It was greatly increased inanthesis which reached the fast of highest peak. The absorption and accumulation wasincreased slowly after anthesis. It was reached the second highest peak after 20 days of anthesis.Accumulated absorption of zinc in the stages of jointing, anthesis and maturity was 40%, 85%and 90%, seperately. The absorption and accumulation of Mn was slow before the stage ofDouble ridge. It was greatly increased from double ridge to anthesis. The absorption andaccumulation of Mn was increased slowly after antbesis. It was reached the highest peak after30 days of anthesis. Accumulated absorption of Mn in the stages of jointing, anthesis andmaturity was 35%, 80% and 40%, seperately.4. The content of the nutritive elements in the winter wheat always use for a method fordiagnosing the nutrients of winter wheat. Base on this result of the experiment and expressionsof growth and development of wheat in field, N, P, K in the high yield field should be properproportion: double ridge5.4:1:3.5, jointing 5.2:1:3.7, anthesis 3.6:1:3.7, maturity4.0:1:2.4. Thisresult is similar to Li Yah-ming's which had got yield of 7500 kg/hm^-2. In the substitutedcultivation, if N, P, K deviation too much of this ratio, the possible cause for the result wasunfavorably delayed or presenility. At the process of high yielding cultivation determiningtechnique of fertilization, this point was worth highlighting.5. Compare to the former experiments, production100 kg grains consuming N, P, K, B,Zn was lower. But the accumulation of per hectare was higher. The content of nitrogen in leaf blade was lower than the leaf blade in low levels of yield. But the yield was higher. This resultverified two features of this experiment: first, the higher of the yield, the lower consumed ofmain nutrient elements. That law was not only suit for grains, but also suit for the nutritiveorgans. Secondly, the goal of this scientific research was save-water, use efficiency of fertilizerand high yield. This result was also proved that save-water, use efficiency of fertilize andachieve high yield was feasible theoretically. That was helpful for working out cultivationmeasures on high yield winter wheat.