| Siberian weasel is species of small body size in musteline family. The hairs' characters ofMustela sibirica manchurica living in different environments is different, and these differencesindicate that on some extent there is genetic differentiation. In this paper, by analyzing thesequence of mtDNA control region, we studied the genetic differentiations among Mustelasibirica manchurica populations and analyzed the genetic differentiation relationship amongpopulations in different environment systems (different regions).In this research, we obtained 44 sequences of tRNA-Thr-tRNA-Pro gene and D-loop ofmtDNA. The length of tRNA-Thr-tRNA-Pro gene is 133bp, with 67bp of tRNA-thr gene and66bp of tRNA-Pro gene. In tRNA-Thr-tRNA-Pro gene, there are 3 haplotype and 2 variationloci. Zhalong population and Jiaohe population has specific haplotype respectively, populationsof Acheng, Shuangcheng and Tonghe share 2 haplotype. The length of D-loop region ofmtDNA ranges from 887bp to 1147bp, with the average length of 1047bp. There are two repeatfragments in the repetitive region of D-loop, both of them are consist of 10bp with thesequence CACACGTACG and CATACGTACG respectively. The repetitions of the repeatfragment on repetitive sequence ranges from 17 to 25 times. In 44 D-loop sequences, there are24 haplotype. 12 variation loci were found in 24 haplotype on locus 61, 68, 69, 77, 78, 91, 273,320, 460, 496, 686 and 736. Of the 12 variation loci, only the 78th locus has one bp insert orabsence and the other 11 loci are all conversion. Content of A, T, C and G of haplotype is28.47%, 30.08%, 27.26% and 14.20% respectively, and the content of pyrimidine (57.34%) ishigher than that of purine (42.67%). The Hd value of haplotype diversity is 0.866±0.038, the pvalue of nucleotide diversity is 0.00366±0.00052, the k value of average nucleotide diversity is3.064. The Dxy of populations in five regions ranges from 0.00092～0.01048. According to thephylogenetic tree, 44 weasels from five regions could be divided into 3 groups, with gene flowamong each group. Weasel populations in Acheng, Tonghe and Shuangcheng could beconsidered as one group which is the transition population between Zhalong population andJiaohe population. Zhalong population and Jiaohe population are apparently differentiated intotwo groups with a very small gene flow between them.Environment factors have some effect on improving species evolution and populationdifferentiation. As the visible appearance of animal, hair could show the inner differenceobviously, namely could show the genetic differentiation between animal populations.Conclusively, while studying on the genetic differentiation of populations, hair character couldbe used as a sensitive index and should be focused on.
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