| By the field investigation and soil chemical analysis, a study on nutrient characteristics of soil were carried out in three representative economic fruit trees which are Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) in Hancheng county, persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) in Fuping county and Granny Smith apple (Malus pumila) in Qishan county in Weibei Highland. Moreover, we put forward the project on research and production of BB fertilizer in three cash trees based on clarifying their laws of nutrients requirement. In addition, we systemicly studied application techniques and effects of BB fertilizers by field fertilizer trials. The main results are as follow:1. According to the analysis results of 180 soil samples, the study has been carried out to investigate the soil nutrients condition, fertilizition structure and developing trend in the production area of prickly ash in Hancheng city in Shaanxi Province. The results showed that the fertilizer application rate and the soil nutrient content in these prickly ash orchards were variant significantly. By comparing with stardand index of soil nutrients in Shaanxi province, in general, the content of soil organic matter (OM) and potassium (K) nutrient were inadequate, the nitrogen (N) content was in middle level, the phosphorus(P) nutrient was rich, micronutrients, such as zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) were insufficient extremely. The nutrients were unbalanceable, the fertilizer use efficiency was comparatively low, and the soil fertility was generally poor. Based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of prickly ash ,analysis results of soil and field investigation , the rational prescription fertilization project is as follow: The nutrients content at 45% of BB fertilizer : the ratio of N, P and K and microelements is 16:8:21:5; The nutrients content at 30% of BB fertilizer :the ratio of N, P and K and microelements is 12:8:10:5. In addition, application of BB fertilizer could increase new shoot lengths and improve fecundity, which produced more friuts setting, faster fruit expanding, bigger fruit size and better fruit colour compared with the traditional fertilization and non-fertilization. For the same token, the yield of dry weight was significantly enhanced, which was increased by 83.3%,32.5% compared to the CK and routine fertilization respectively.2. Based on a vast analysis and field investigation, the soil nutrients characteristics in the production area of persimmon was studied in Fuping county. The results showed that by comparing with stardand index soil nutrients in Shaanxi province, in general, the content of soil OM was inadequate, the N content was badly shortage, the K content was in low middle level and the P nutrient was in normal level and the nutrients of N, P K were unbalanceable, micronutrients were inadequate too. Based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of persimmon, analysis results of standing soil and field investigation, the rational prescription fertilization project is as follow according to the principle of hig N and K, low P, adding to organic fertilizer containing humic acid and microelment: the ratio of N, P, K and microelements is 20:8:15:5. In addition, application of BB fertilizer could increase root quantity, length and thickness of bearing base branch growth. The dates of phenology appearance were ahead of schedule compared with the control and traditional fertilization. For the same token, weight of single persimmon fruit and yield were significantly enhanced, which was increased by 55.8%,40.3% compared to the CK and routine fertilization respectively. Furthermore, the fruit hardness was increased by 0.93 kg/cm2 than routine fertilization, which resulting in the dates of storage could prolong to 52 days. The drought resistance of plants aslo could be improved.3. On the basisi of the analysis and field investigation in the production area of Granny Smith apple, in Qishan County, we found that the soil nutrients content in 0-20 cm layer were higher than that in 20-40 cm layer, which showed the farmer supplied fertilizer with surface application method in the past. The results also coverd that the soil OM content and P nutrient was seriously shortage, the K content followed in shortage order; the N nutrient content was in normal level compared with orchard soil with better yield and quality. At the same time, the other comparing test was carried out. Comparing with the standard data of foliar nutrients, the total P is more insufficient than total N while less insufficient than total K. The same trend is obtained in leaves nutrients as soil. Based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of Granny Smith apple, results from soil analysis and field investigation, the rational prescription fertilization project is as follow: the ratio of N, P , K and microelements is 16:8:16:5 in the middle June (additional fertilization);the ratio of N, P , K and microelements is 16:8:16:5 in the middle of September (basal fertilization);the ratio of N, P , K and microelements is 11:18:11:5 in the middle March in the following year (additional fertilization). In addition, application of BB fertilizer could increase the plants growth with haleness. For the same token, weight of single fruit, yield, soluble solids and titratable acidity significantly improved. Especialy, the content of titratable acidity reached 0.91%, which was increased by 49.2% compared with routine fertilization. |
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