Study On High-Yield And High-Efficiency Fertilization Patterns For Maize Planting In Weibei Dry Highland

Maize is one of the main food crops in Weibei dry highland in China.In recent years,the local maize planting industry was faced with many problems,such as soil degradation caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers,reduction in maize planting area and yield,and decline in economic efficiency of corn,to local maize.The maize planting industry had caused a great negative impact.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization pattern for maize planting in Weibei dry highland to ensure local maize grain security,enhance the quality of local soil,and increase the economic benefit of maize growers.It also provides a reference for the study of fertilization pattern of maize planting in other regions.In this paper,potted and field experiments were used to study the effects of different fertilization patterns（A CK;B Chemical fertilizer;C 80%Chemical fertilizer;D 50%Chemical fertilizer;E 50%Chemical fertilizer+50%Pig manure;F 50%Chemical fertilizer+50%Wormcast;G50%Chemical fertilizer+Actinomycete agent;H Chemical fertilizer+Straw returning I Soil amendment fertilizer;J Maize specific fertilizer;K Chemical fertilizer+Film mulching;L 50%Chemical fertilizer+50%Pig manure+Film mulching;The same as below）on physiological characters of maize,soil nutrients,soil moisture,soil enzymes,and agronomic traits of maize.At the same time,the nitrogen utilization and economic benefits of field trials were discussed.The main results were as follows:1.Under the pot experiment,nitrogen reduction had no significant effect on most maize physiological characters such as shoot fresh weight,chlorophyll SPAD value,root fresh weight,and root activity,and had a significant effect on soil pH,available phosphorus,and available potassium,and on soil urease.Alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activities also had significant effects;soil nutrients in equal nitrogen fertilization pattern had little difference,and the shoot fresh weight,root fresh weight,root activity,and four soil enzymes of E fertilization pattern performed better,E was the best fertilization pattern;actinomycetes significantly promoted the root indexes such as root length and root surface area,but had no significant effect on soil nutrients and soil enzymes.Combining maize physiological characters,soil nutrients and soil enzyme indexes,E was the best fertilization pattern.2.In the field experiment,there was no significant difference in most maize physiological characters such as shoot fresh weight,plant height,chlorophyll SPAD value,root fresh weight,and root activity in the nitrogen-reduced fertilization patterns.The effect of reducing nitrogen had significant effects on soil nutrients and soil enzymes,such as soil pH,nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil urease and alkaline phosphatase,soil moisture and agronomic characters of maize were no significant difference in the nitrogen-reduced fertilization patterns.There was no significant difference in the most of physiological characters of maize in the equal nitrogen fertilization patterns,soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were partially different,but no consistent rule,and soil moisture and agronomic characters of maize were not significantly different.Film mulching had a significant effect on promoting plant height,root length,root surface area and root volume,and had partial effects on soil nutrients,moisture,and soil enzymes,but no consistent rule;straw returning had no significant effect on physiological characters of maize,soil moisture and agronomic characters of maize,and had significant effects on soil nitrate-N,available-P and available-K,and could increase soil invertase activity.Actinomycetes had a significant effect on the root length,but had no significant effect on soil nutrients and moisture,and would reduce soil phosphatase activity.Based on the above analysis,L was the best fertilization pattern.3.In 2016 and 2017,the yield of the L-fertilizer pattern was the highest,which was 6.55%and 28.60%higher than that of the local conventional fertilization pattern respectively.The farmland soil nutrients were better and the economic benefits were appropriate.Therefore,the L-fertilization pattern.is suitable for local corn cultivation.The best fertilization mode.The N fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency were highest in the G fertilization pattern,reaching 124.51 kg.kg^-1 and 43.86 kg.kg^-1,respectively.In summary,according to the field experiment,the optimal fertilization patterns suitable for maize planting in Weibei dry highland are the L,E and G fertilization patterns.The results laid a solid foundation for the high yield and high efficiency of maize planting in the region.