Studies On Seed-treatment Techniques Of Some Horticultural Crops For Seed Exportation

The agricultural development has been increasing since the reform and opening policy in 1978 so that resulted in the temporary excess of agricultural products in 90s last century. The development of agricultures with the exporting characteristics was the one of future goals in agricultural production in China. It is very important to fully use potential advantages in state policy, climate, land and labors in China in order to develop the seed market abroad and exporting agricultures. Currently, the main problems for seed exporting are probably how to produce the seeds with commercialization, standardization and internationalization. Since there is still a great gap in seed processing between China and developed countries they set up some subjective obstacles, either techniques or green environment, to limit seed import from China in order to protect their own market. In this study it is the goal to explore how to improve seed quality and to earn the foreign currency by exporting seeds through precise process of seeds, control for the seed-transmitted pests by low toxic and high effective pesticides. The main results obtained were described as following:For the exporting of gourd seeds (Lagenaria leucantha Rusby.) the technical obstacles set up by developed countries were maximum residues of pesticides. Through the use of Formalin formulation with low poisonous and no leftover some technique data were obtained for treatment of gourd seeds exported. The results showed that there was a close relationship between time duration for treatment and germination rate, and also effect of pathogen-killing under one concentration of formulation, and the close relationship between concentration of formulation and germination rate, and also affection for pathogen-killing under one time duration of treatment. Based on the exporting standard both germination rate and affection of pathogen-killing for gourd seeds it is the best combination with the 300x dilution of 40% Formalin formulation and 48 h of treatment.For the exporting of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) the bean-weevil (Bruchus pisorum) amount in seeds is the big problem. Through use of aluminum phosphide with no residue but high effective some technical data were obtained for reference of seed treatments. The results showed that there was a significantly negative relationship between the time duration of fumigation and incubation rate of adult insects, and positive between the time duration of fumigation and seed germination rate and unit weight. Based on the exporting standards for seed germination rate and unit weight it is best combination with double fumigation, 96 h each.For the exporting of Persian chrysanthemum (Cosmos bipinnatus CAV.) seeds some experiments including the relationship between extent and amount of precise selection and seed unit weight and germination rate were conducted. Some important technical data could be obtained in order to get the greatest efficient from the exporting seeds of Persian chrysanthemum, also for the reference of other similar crops for seed exportation. The results showed that seed germination rate and unit weight were increasing with extent of precise selection and with a close positive relationship. The substantial matter of seed precise selection is relationship between amounts of selection and efficient, the amount of seed-selected is more and the efficient lower. The best combination of all index might be obtained at 35% of precise selection.For the seed-exporting of rapeseeds and celery their technical measurements were in detail described including seed and seedbed treatment, growth duration management and precise selection of seeds based on the experiments of several years.