Studies On Ecosystem Function And Development Of Mangrove In Fujian

Base on the structure feature of mangrove species and community resource, the function of the ecological system, the distribution state, the development program of forestation-suitable land, value assessment of the ecological benefit, ideas of construction and development, the threaten and problem that confronted with, this paper put forward countermeasure and proposal. Now compendium the research results as following:1 The species and structure feature of community of mangrove in Fujian provinceNow there are 8 families, 11 classes, 15 species of mangrove plant in Fujian province. Local 6 species including Acanthus ilicifolius, A.xiamenensis, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiz, Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina; introduction 6 species including B.sexangula, B.s.var.rhynochopetala, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia apetala, Barringtonia racemosa, Cebera manghas; mangrove 5 associate species including Hibiscus tiliaceus, H.hamabo, Barringtonia racemosa, Cebera manghas, Clerodenrum inerme; Barringtonia racemosa and Cebera manghas are both associate species and introduction species. The feature of distribution of mangrove showed that as it turned northward, the species of mangrove less. There were 12 species in Zhangzhou; 7 species in Xiamen; 3 species in Quanzhou; and there was only 1 species in Putian, Fuzhou and Ningde.2 The distribution feature of mangrove forestation-suitable land and mudflatThe area of mangrove forest land was totally 872.4 hm² in Fujian province and its distribution was not even. The first, Zhangzhou took up 59.6 %,mainly in Longhai and Yunxiao; the second Qunzhou took up 19.0 %, mainly in Hui'an; the third, Ningde took up 10.7 %, mainly in Fudeng, Fu'an, Xiapu and Jiaocheng; the forth , Fuzhou took up 7.0 %, mainly in Fuqing, Lianjiang and Pingtan; the fifth, Xiamen took 3.3 %, mianly in Tong'an, Xiang'an, Jimei and Haichang. The least was Putian, only took up 0.5 %, mainly in Xiuyu and Xianyou.The area of forestation-suitable land was totally 13145.6 hm² and its distribution was not even either. Most of them was in Ningde. The first, Ningde took up 84.5 %, mainly in Xiapu, Jiaocheng, Fudeng and Fu'an; the second, Zhangzhou took up 7.4 %, mainly in Longhai, Yunxiao and Zhangpu; the third, Fuzhou took up 4.2 %, mainly in Luoyuan, Lanjiang, Langqi, Changle and Fuqing; the forth, Putian took up 1 .7 %, mainly in Chenxiang, Meizhou, Hanjiang and Xiuyi, the fifth, Xiamen took 1.5 %; the least is Quanzhou, took 0.6 %, mainly in Fengzhe an Luojiang.The area of forestation-suitable land was mainly in Ningde because there were lots of Spartina anglica in vast area of Sandu mudflat. We could not use them even in cultivation, so we divided them to "mangrove forestation-suitable land". The further step we expand the mangrove area focus on how to effectively root out the Spartina anglica.3 The function and ecological value evaluation of mangrove ecosystemMangrove was of great importance in maintaining the safety and steady in coastal area of Fujian province. Its ecosystem function mainly as following: maintaining the biodiversity, weakening the wave and protecting the seacoast, promoting the silt turns to land, purifying the air and seawater, maintaining the coastal sight, continuous exploits etc.The results based on calculation showed that: The biomass value was 5.21 million Yuan RMB, disaster prevention value was 6.976 million Yuan RMB, ecology upkeep value was 56.418 million Yuan RMB, soil conservation value was 73.96 million Yuan RMB, CO₂ consolidation and O₂ discharge value was 4.24 million Yuan RMB, animal habitat value was 3.71 million Yuan RMB, nutrition circulation value was 0.29 million Yuan RMB, contaminant degradation value was 0.13 million Yuan RMB, diseases and pest control value was 0.044 million Yuan RMB. So the total ecological value of mangrove resource was 150.978 millionYuan RMB.4 Some facing threats and problemsThe main threats of mangrove come from two ways. The one was the human activities,including the inning, fanning, bottomland breeding, farmland combat, forest destruction, water body pollution, builders rubbish and so on. The other was the aggression of natural pests, diseases, weeds (such as Spartina anglica and Spartina alterniflora) and wild rats.There were several underlying problems. Many lives in the mangrove were utilized excessively, so birds and other wild lives decrease sharply. In some places, some serious conflicts exist between human beings, birds and trees. The afforestation project was very unitive, the silviculture design programs were random and sightless and are lack of direction and guidance, just only a monoculture, so the survive rate was low. When there happen horrible diseases and pests sometimes, the control methods and equipments are too laggar to prevent. Lastly, laws of protection and management on the mangrove resource weredistempered and scant.5 DevelopmentDeveloping the mangrove was a long-term project. We must master its special biologicalcharacteristics and apply the ecological recovery theories to build the protective recoveryconstruction, silvicultural recovery construction, sustainable development and rationalutilization construction, leading and managing capability construction. These four facets wereour keystones to exploit mangrove resource in the future.