Nutrient Uptake Characteristics And Fertilization Effects Of Naked Oats In Arid Area Of Gansu Province

Field experiments have been done to understand the nutrient uptake characteristics of naked oats and optimal rate of nitrogen application as well as the influence of zinc and silicon fertilizer on the yield and quality, and the conclusions are as follows:1.Based on the speed of dry matter accumulation, the dry matter accumulation process of the oats can be divided into three phases. The first phase is from seedling to tillering, when the speed of dry matter accumulation is slow. The second phase is from tillering to heading, and the speed of dry matter accumulation is relatively rapid. And the dry matter accumulation speed is more rapid in the third phase form heading to maturing .The variation curves of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plant are single mountain curves in growing progress. Nitrogen content and phosphorus content reach the maximum at tillering stage, while potassium content reaches the maximum at jointing stage. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plant are obviously increased because of the nitrogen application. The highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake is in the period of heading to filling in the oats growing progress.2.As the increasing of the nitrogen application rate, the grain yields and the crude protein yields of oats increase at the beginning and then decrease. And the grain yields reaches the maximum, which is 678.38 kg/hm~2 on the 100kg/hm~2 nitrogen application rate.The curves of grain yields and crude protein yields to the amount of nitrogen application are quadratic, and the equations are y = 512.26 + 2.8852x-0.0136x~2(R~2 = 0.977**)and y = 100.71 + 0.6424x -0.0029x~2 (R~2 = 0.9767**) respectively. Nitrogen application rate of maximum production is 106 kg/hm~2,and the nitrogen application rate of economic benefit is 60.5 kg/hm~2.Nitrogen application increases the nitrogen, potassium and crude protein contents of grain significantly. The higher the nitrogen application rate, the higher the nitrogen , potassium and crude protein contents in grains.The nitrogen utilization efficiency decreases with the nitrogen application rate increasing, and it is relatively high when the nitrogen application rate is 50-75 kg/hm~2. 3 . Phosphorus application has no significant effects on the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content and the fertilizer uptake under the experiment condition. The total biomass, grain yields and crude protein yields increases under the phosphorus application when the nitrogen application rate is less than 75kg/hm~2, while they decrease when the nitrogen application rate is over 75kg/hm~2, but both of which do not reach the significant effect.The nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the potassium content increase with phosphorus application. And the crude protein content increases somewhat, too. But none of them reaches the significant effect.4.Yields and quality of the oats grain increase significantly because of applications of zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer. The grain yields increases by 18.35% when zinc fertilizer applied, crude protein yields increases by 13.31%, nitrogen content and potassium content of grain by 1.2% and 50%, crude protein of grain content by 1.22%, zinc content of grain by 17.62%, and nitrogen efficiency increases significantly.Grain and crude protein yields increase by 10.98% and 7.13% respectively when silicon applied as seed fertilizer. Nitrogen content and potassium content of grain increase by 2.74% and 48.48%, crude protein content of grain by 2.68%, and nitrogen utilization efficiency increases no significantly. However when silicon is applied in top dressing, yields of grain has no significantly increase, and yields of crude protein increases by 1.69% , nitrogen content and potassium content of grain by 0.91% and 45.48%, and crude protein content of grain by 1.02%, but the nitrogen utilization efficiency decreases at the same time.