Studies On The Seed Development And Starch Characteristic In Gordon Euryale Seed

Gordon euryale(Euryale ferox Salisb) is an annual hydrophytic herb plant. It originates in China and Southeast Asia, which is planted over south area of our country. It can be grown in the lake, pond, bottomland and raceway, which is a very important special type hydrophytic plant. The kernel of the Gordon euryale seed is edible. Besides, it's footstalk is tender which can be vegetables. It contains abundant amylum. The kernel of the Gordon euryale contains plenty of protein, carbohydrate and multi-vitamins. It also contains some of the astringency substance. It has not only abundant nutrition but also many other food cure efficacy. It's nutrition can be corresponded with Lotus seed , and it has more constringency efficacy. In the recent years, the area and yield of the Gordon euryale is increased steadily. Some parts of the product are sold in the domestic market and some are exported to the Southeast Asian countries. It is moved off in the market inside and outside and it's price is high. The foreground of the Gordon euryale is very roominess.Now, there are few study of Gordon euryale's quality development. The main factors influencing the Gordon euryale's quality may be the carbohydrate, such as amylum, etc. Therefor, it is a problem needed to solve instantly that proving up the development biology characteristic, the carbohydrate metabolism and the relation with the quality, in order to offer the theoretical gist for increasing the yield, improving the quality and breeding the new varieties.So, this paper maily works on the seed development biology characteristic and the carbohydrate metabolism of different Gordon euryale varieties, configuration of amyloid and starch gelatinization characteristics during the Gordon euryale seed development. The results are as follows:1. Development biology characteristic of fiver varieties of Gordon euryale seed development. The results showed that the fruit horizontal diameter, vertical diameter, fruit weight, seed number, seed rate, seed diameter , seed weight, kernel diameter, kernel weight and dry substance content all increased during the 10-25 days after anthesis. Different varieties have the differences. The fruit horizontal diameter, vertical diameter, fruit weight, seed diameter , seed weight, kernel diameter, kernel weight of the White Flower North Gordon euryale is the smallest, but the dry substance content is the hightest. The seed and the kernel of the Red Flower South Gordon euryale is the biggest, but the seed number and seed rate is the lowest. The North Gordon euryale has more seed than the South Gordon euryale, but the seed is smaller. The seed of White Flower South Gordon euryale and Purple Flower South Gordon euryale incread more quickly than other varieties, the seed rate is also higher. The bottom seeds are cloest to the nutrition fountain and can gained more nutrition. So the bottom seeds can develop more plenty.2. Carbohydrate metabolism of fiver varieties of Gordon euryale seed development. The results showed that the reducing sugar content reduced during the 10-25 days after anthesis. The reduced scope is 31.6%-58.9%. The total soluble sugar content increased first, then decreased. White Flower South Gordon euryale and White Flower North Gordon euryale the most total soluble sugar content at 15 days after anthesis. The total soluble sugar content of Purple Flower South Gordon euryale, Red Flower South Gordon euryale and Purple Flower North Gordon reached the highest at 20 days after anthesis, then decreased sharply. Amylum is one of the mostly stored substance. The total amylum, amylose and amylopectin content all increased. The amylose content of North Gordon euryale is higher than the South Gordon euryale. Purple Flower South Gordon euryale has more total amylum content than other varieties at 25 days after anthesis. The ratio of amylopectin content to amylose content of different varieties have differences at different stages. Carbohydrate content of different fruit parts of Gordon euryale also have differences. The bottom seeds have the most total soluble sugar, amylum, amylose and amylopectin content when developed.3. The observation of amyloid modality during Gordon euryale seed development by SEM indicated that in different stage, amyloid consisted in cells with different modalities. At 10 days after anthesis, there are only a little amyloids distributed in each cell. The amyloids are sphericity which arraying in order. With the seed developing, the number of amyloids increased and the volume aggrandizemented. When developed, the amyloids arrayed tightly which enriched the cell. The granuloses of Purple Flower South Gordon euryale all appeared in the polygonal shape identical size and dense arrangemeut. The edges were patency. The granuloses of Purple Flower North Gordon euryale were in the round shape, various sizes and loose arrangement.4. The research on the starch gelatinization characteristics of Gordon euryale at 20 days after anthesis indicated that the viscosity curves varied similarly according to the temperature. Their peak viscosity was all low and cool viscosity was beyond peak viscosity, the consistence and the setback was very high. The whole gelatinizing process was presented double peak curves. The sort order of the three varieties'amylose from highness to lowness were Purple Flower North Gordon, Purple Flower South Gordon euryale and White Flower South Gordon euryale. The higher the amylase content is, the lower the breakdown is. And the cool viscosity the consistence and the setback is higher, the peak time is longer, the pasting temperature is higher. The higher the amylopectin content is, the higher peak viscosity is.