| The propagation, growth and roots induction of Chinese water chestnut [Eleocharis tuberosa (Roxb) Roem et.Schult] cluster buds were studied in this paper. The callus induction and differentiation, the effects of different facts to the survival and growth of culture seedlings were also experimented. The yield and quality of corm were compared between culture seedlings and traditional seedlings . This research can enrich the content of tissue culture rapid propagation system and build up the corm quailty estimate system of Chinese water chestnut (estimate index: products & size classification , appearance character, inner physical & chemical character), and to provide the gist for choiceness species chosen, seedlings produce and production exploitation. The results are as follows:(1)For the cluster buds, the culture medium and condition has a more tremendous influence to the propagation coefficient and the growth fettle. The influences of the plant growth regulators compounding, pH and temperature were studied. The results showed that:①6-BA had a remarkable function to promote the propagation of buds.But as to foliar stem, it showed a notable restrain function along with its higher concentration. It had the biggest function among the three kinds of plant growth regulators. As to propagation coefficient , the function of KT was inferior to 6-BA, and stronger than NAA. For the growth of foliar stem, KT had the weakest function of the three hormones. The function of KT(concentration is 0~0.5mg/L) and NAA (concentration is 0~0.5mg/L), to the propagation coefficient of cluster buds and the growth of foliar stem, showed a rule that it would weaken first and then increase later along with the concentration increased. Colligating propagation coefficient of cluster bud and growth fettle of foliar stem, the favorable compounding of plant growth regulators was: 6-BA0.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L. Its propagation coefficient of cluster buds reached 4.32,and the average number of foliar stems per fleshy stem (length longer than or equal 2cm) was 2.12.②The propagation coefficient and the growth fettle were different when the cluster buds were cultured in different PH.When the pH was raised from 4.01to 7.00, the propagation coefficient was rising at first, then descending later. But the numbers of foliar stem of average fleshy stem was descending at first then rising with the pH rising. The pH6.0 was favorable. When the cluster buds were cultured in condition of pH6.0, the propagation coefficient was 4.32 and the average number of foliar stem per fleshy stem was 2.12. ③From 18℃to 32℃, the propagation coefficient was rising with temperature rising and the numbers of foliar stem of average fleshy stem was rising at first, then descending later. 25℃was favorable to subculcture of Chinese water chestnut cluster buds. Its propagation coefficient was 4.32, and average numbers of foliar stem per fleshy stem was 2.12. The buds and stem growth best at this temperature.So the favorable temperature and pH to propagation of cluster buds were separately 25℃and 6.0. The favorable medium was MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L +3%sucrose.(2)The kinds of plant growth regulators and their compounding, the kinds of different explants, light conditions had different effects on the callus induction. The result indicated that 2,4-D was the key factor for callus induction. The cytokinin (6-BA,KT,ZT) could improve inducted effect of 2,4-D.Its sequence was that: 6-BA>KT>ZT.The favorable medium to induce callus by using fleshy stems as explants was MS+2,4- D1mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L +3%sucrose +0.7%agar with 88.19% inductive rate.The inducted rate of fleshy stems was the highest one in all kinds of explants.The inducted rate of callus in the light power of 0 Lux was higher than that in 120 Lux or 2000 Lux. The result showed that the lower concentration level of 2, 4-D is advantageous to the propagation and differentiation of callus . Lingfasu is advantageous to callus differentiation .TDZ has the very good function to maintain the vigor of callus and prevente the callus aging .(3)The root induction of Chinese water chestnut was easy. The inducted rates of four mediums were all high and their difference were not marked. But the difference of their root number of average plantlet was marked. The favorable medium was that: MS+IBA0.3mg/L+3%sucrose.Its inducted rate of roots was 100%.The roots number of average plantlet was 15.(4)The effects of the methods of hardening-off, the kinds of transplanting medium,the transplanting environment to the survival rate and the growth fettle of the plantlets were studied.The results showed that the favorable combination of this three factors was mud of cropland +the culture bottle needn't be open for some days and the plantlets were directly transplanted from bottles +the environment of green house.(5) There is no report about the criterion which is used to systematically estimate the corm yield and quality of Chinese water chestnut. In order to estimate the corm quality of the tissues culture seedlings and the traditional seedlings for selecting or exploring the good strain breeding in further, the estimated indexes had been built up. Compared with the corms of traditional seedlings,①The output of the tissues culture seedling corms raised 30.4% ,②The big corm rate of the tissues culture seedling raised 64.2% ,③The sucrose content of the tissues culture seedling corm raised 10%,④The starch content of the tissues culture seedling corms raised 9.91%,⑤the corms of the tissues culture seedings has more regular shape,lower rate of abnormal fruits, shorter buds, higher rate of even navels fruits, thinner pericarp, higher content of water and better taste.
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