The Effect Of Interference On The Character Of Soil And Water Of Swamp Wetland In Gongbiela River

Mountain mire distributed in Xing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountains mainly inNortheast of China. It played a great part in regulating climate, ameliorating ecologicalenvironment in these aeries. But the destruction is greater than protection; the areas of swampwetland had decreased rapidly, the direction of success showed the regressive succession, Soilquality dropped, Biodiversity decreased, water quality contaminated and function of ecosystemdegraded and lost resulting from the unreasonable human activities, such as draining forfarmland, grazing, damming, mining, and so forth. In order to realize the sound progress ofwetland ecosystem, sustainable development of economic and ecological environment of thatregion, we must get down doing something for the protection, construction, and wetland health.Based on the ex-researcher's knowledge, and the project of the Research of WetlandEcosystem Restoration Technology in Heilongjiang province, we selected Gongbiela watershedin the Northern of Xiaoxing'an Mountains for the research object, study the soil and waterphysical and chemical characteristics after the changed of wetland environment, analysis thechemical characteristics of the contaminated water in different areas of Gongbiela River. Wehope that this study cans provide a great deal of measured data, research framework andtheoretical foundation for swamp wetland ecological protection and restoration.The decreased range of porosity and water capacity between 13.44ï¼…and 39.49ï¼…, 4.04ï¼…and 70.67ï¼…respectively according to the Soil Bulk Density increased because of humandisturbance. The organic matter and total nitrogen was obviously influenced by the humandisturbance and can be showed in the decreased order of Mining＞Farmlanding＞Damming＞disturbance by Agriculture＞Grazing, the total phosphorus wasMining＞Farm landing＞Damming＞Grazing＞disturbance by Agriculture, and total potassiumwas Farm landing＞Damming＞disturbance by Agriculture＞Grazing＞Mining. The validnitrogen showed in the decreased order of Mining＞Farm landing＞Damming＞disturbance byAgriculture＞Grazing, valid phosphorus was Mining＞Farm landing＞disturbance byAgriculture＞Damming＞Grazing, and the valid potassium was Mining＞Farm landing＞disturbance by Agriculture＞＞Grazing Damming. From the above study, the serious landdegradation resulting from different human disturbance can be showed in the order of Mining＞Farm landing＞Damming＞Grazing＞disturbance by Agriculture. The hydrochemical type of swamp wetland is S_â… ^Ca after the disturbance by agriculturewhich is different from the control experiment, but there are not different in the damming andgrazing swamp wetland. The mineralization, total hardness, total alkalinity showed theincreased order of Damming＞disturbance by agriculture＞grazing. The concentration of TN, NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N and TP increased relatively after different disturbance. It made the contentsof iron and manganese increased resulting from grazing, damming, disturbance by agricultureexcept the grazing which had no impact on the content of iron. The water quality wasobviously influenced by the human disturbance and can be showed in the contaminate order ofMining＞disturbance by Agriculture＞Damming.The hydrochemical type is S_â… ^Ca and the main iron contents is significant different in thedifferent disturbance areas of Gongbiela River. The mineralization and total hardness showedthe significant different (p＜0.01) increased tendency compared with the control experiment(without disturbance wetland) in the different disturbance areas of Gongbiela River especial inthe entrance after the river water flow through the mining disturbance areas, the mineralizationand total hardness were more than 2.56 times and 5.54 times respectively than the upstreamcontrol experiment. The concentration of TN,NO₃^--N,TP increased relatively after the riverwater flow the disturbance areas, especial in the downstream which the river water had flowedthe midstream areas which disturbance by human activities frequently. The concentration ofNH₄⁺-N of downstream showed significant fluctuating decreased compared with upstream. Thecontents of iron and manganese of upstream water are both under the Dinking Water QualityStandards, but it is Exceeded in Dinking Water Quality Standards after flowing the disturbanceareas, also exceeded the water quality of Heilongjiang River.