Effects Of Different Cultivation Mode And Nitrogen Provision Levels On Construction Of Output And Protien Of Winter Wheat Grains

The content and component of protein in grains were one of key indicators for evaluating wheat quality. During the grains development, the changes of these protein components content not only impacted output of wheat grains, but also was relative with quality of grains. Therefore, to study relationship between cultivation measures and protein component in wheat grains and reveal the rule of grains protein synthesis dynamically would indicate important theory and practical signification for establishment of excellent quality and high yielding cultivation measures for wheat. In this paper, based previous research, a popularization winter wheat species cv."Xiao-Yan 22"was used experimental material to determine and analyze synthetically content of total protein, globin, albumin, glutenin and gliadin in grains from different cultivation modes, nitrogen provision levels and plant densities with Kjeldahl determination. The changes discipline dynamically of total protein and various protein component content wheat grains staying in different developmental stages under different cultivation modes and nitrogen provision levels. The results showed following as:(1)The changes dynamically of the number of grain per ear and weight per 1000 grains (including dry weight and fresh weight) were relative at certain degree with cultivation mode, nitrogen provision level and grain developmental stage. The earth furrow cultivation with high nitrogen provision impacted significantly at 0.01 levels the number of grain per ear. While there was no significant effect under normal cultivation mode with low nitrogen provision level. The weight per 1000 grains changed with different developmental stages and up to highest at milking 20-22days later. The investigation of dry weight per 1000 grains under different cultivation modes showed that the mode of complement irrigation and earth furrow cultivation and filming possessed the highest weight per 1000 grains and the data was the lowest under normal cultivation and covering with crop stalks or foliage.(2)In duration of grain development, the total protein demonstrated a change trend of high-low-high; Namely, there was a higher total protein content at initial stage of grains construction; the content decreased to the lowest point at blossoming 21 days later under highly nitrogen provision level, at blossoming 28 days later under lowly nitrogen provision level; then, the content began to increase till the grains were up to mature.(3)Although all of albumin and globin demonstrated a higher content at initial stage of grain development and decreased gradually with grains maturing, the decreasing degree of globin was less than that of albumin. Contrarily, the content of glutenin and gliadin were lower at initial stage of grains development and began to rise evidently at blossoming 21 days later with grains maturing. The glutenin could be found at early stage of grains construction, but its increasing rate was lower than that of gliadin. Especially, at middle and late stage of grain milking, the increasing rate of gliadin was more quickly till grain maturing. Conclusion, in the wheat grains developmental progress, the content of albumin showed a liner decreasing trend contrast on liner increasing trend of glutenin; while the content of globin indicated a step-like decline trend at quick-slow-quick rhythm contrast on step-like decline mode of gliadin. As result, the content of gliadin and glutenin were always higher than that of albumin and globin in matured wheat grains.(4)Although the content of various grains protein component were not influenced by cultivation mode, the effect for content of total protein in wheat grains was significant. The content difference of total protein ingrains between covering with crop stalks or foliage and complement irrigation modes was significant at 0.01 levels, while the difference was significant at 0.05 levels between normal cultivation and complement irrigation modes. The content of albumin could be impacted significant at 0.01 levels by different nitrogen provision levels. In the other word, the content of albumin was increased with rising of nitrogen provision level. However, the influence of nitrogen provision level on content of globin in wheat grains was not determined. Contrarily, this influence was significant at 0.05 levels on glutenin and gliadin and at 0.01 levels on total protein respectively. In general, the content of total protein in wheat grains increased gradually with rising of nitrogen provision level and changed at a quick-low-quick of rhythm.