| The extract technique of active material in Gleditsia sinensis Lam and poisonous function of the material on mice were studied to provide the theory to develop the Gleditsia sinensis Lam as a non-pollutant botanical rodenticide. In this study, the total quantity of saponin in different growth stage of Gleditsia sinensis Lam and palatability in mice were determined; determination of toxicity of the extracts by ethanol and acetone, toxicity of total and purifier saponin to mice were studied. Results are as below:(1)Determination of total saponin of Gleditsia sinensis Lam in different growth stage.The total saponin in Gleditsia sinensis Lam in different growth stage, August, September and October determined by colorimetric assay is 15.75%,22.19%,11.37%。(2)Determination of the toxicity of ethanol extract and acetone extract to mice in Gleditsia sinensis LamThe toxicity of both extracts was assayed by gastric lavage. The results showed that the Dn and Dm of ethanol extract were separately 1.5 g·kg-1and 4.0 g·kg-1, LD50=2.21 g·kg-1. While those of acetone extract were Dn=2.0 g·kg-1, Dm=6.0 g·kg-1, and LD50=3.52 g·kg-1. The toxicity of ethanol extract is stronger than the acetone extract after analyzing the results of LD50.(3)Determination of toxicity and palatability of dried samples of Gleditsia sinensis Lam to miceThe Gleditsia sinensis Lam in different growth stage, August, September and October, were mixed after pulverizing in bait. When the quantity of Gleditsia sinensis Lam in bait were all 15%, the killing rates of three kinds of Gleditsia sinensis Lam were separately 70%, 80% and 90%, which indicate Gleditsia sinensis Lam poisons mice and the killing rate is higher.At the same conditions, the bait quantities that mice ate were separately 0.27, 0.29and 0.48. Thus, to mix Gleditsia sinensis Lam sample from August and September in bait comes to a common palatability to mice, while mixing the sample from October, the palatability to mice was better.(4)Extraction and separation active material in Gleditsia sinensis Lam Total saponin was obtained by extraction with 70% ethanol, petroleun ether, ethyl acetate and n-Butanol, then was separated by silica-gel column chromatography to get purifier saponin (D1=2.07g, D2=0.62g, D3=10.28g; E=5.51g).(5)Rat-killing activity experiment with total saponin and purifier saponinThe Dn and Dm of total saponin were separately 2.0 g·kg-1 and 0.8g·kg-1, which LD50 was 1.3798 g·kg-1. The poisonous function depended on the sex of mice; the killing rate to male is greater than female. Subacute rodenticide is showed in high and low dose, while acute was found in moderate dose. The change of acute poison to female was not great with dose, while there was great difference to the change of acute poison to male with dose.The Dn and Dm of purifier saponin D3 is 1.4g·kg-1 and 0.6g·kg-1, which LD50 was 0.8700 g·kg-1. The poisonous function depended also on sex; the killing rate to male is greater than female. The change of dose effected acute poison to both sexes. The relationship between Dose and mean death time to female was like sine curve; the mean death time was increased, and then decreased with the dose increased. To female, the relationship was about the same except that there were two peaks with dose increased, and the Dm is 14-fold higher than the Dn. Thus, the effect of the acute poison of purifier saponin D3 to male was greater.
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