| Mineral nutrient elements nitrogen, potassium and trace elements zinc, manganese were an important component of apple fruit and the foundation nourishment in food chain for life and plant growth. They are correlative with protein, grease, nucleic acid and vitamin and so on. At the same time, they are important for keeping balance of nutrition resources in ecosystem, increasing yield, improving quality of farm prodution, reducing pollution and improving human nutrition. Ten–year–old Red Fuji apple trees were used as experiment material, effect of different fertilizer ration on apple trees nutrient, apple growth rate and quality was studied in this paper. The results showed as the follows:1. Effect of different nitrogen rate on apple trees growth and apple qualityThe results showed that apple yield was increased but apple quality was decreased while the more amount of N fertilizer used ranging from 0 to 500 kg/hm2. Compared to Low N treatment, Weight of dry leaves was increased 9.5%,18.3% and 25.8% and average apple yield increased by 57.4%(fresh weight) and 47.4%(dry weight), respectively. The content of Vc, soluble sugar and anthocyanin in High N Treatment was decreased by 7.6%, 6.7% and 32.4% compared to Low N treatment; decreased by 15.6%, 7.8% and 35.1% compared to Middle N treatment respectively. Compared to No N treatment, the content of soluble solid in Low N, Middle N and High N treatment was decreased by 4.7%,6.1% and 4.7% respectively. The reasonable Nitrogen fertilizer rate of application for apple trees was 150 to 250kg/hm2.2. Study on soil nutrients condition and balanced fertilization in apple orchard in shaanxi weibei dry–land plateauTotal 64 soil samples were taken in grid from apple achard in xiuli villagge of shaanxi weibei dry–land and effect of different fertilizer treatment on apple fruit yield and apple quality were studied. The result by ASI method indicateds that the contents of available N, available K, available Zn and available Mn were 36.1%,41.7%,80.6% and 77.8% of soil samples under the critical value,respectively. The 3–year experiment showed that fertilizer supply could increase apple yield in the range from 12.6% to 36.4% .The order of increase rate among N,Pand K is N﹥K﹥P. Only the balancee suply of N,Pand K can make the best apple yield,quality and benefit. The reasonable quantity of fertilization should be N 0.3kg/tree,P2O5 0.1 kg/tree, K20 0.25 kg/tree,and in addition to apply with Zn fertilizer and Mn fertilizers.3. Effect of spray zinc fertilizer on apple growth and fruit quality in Weibei dry-landThe results showed that zinc fertilizer could constrain the new shoots growth. Fruit diameter growth rate, dry matter accumulation and leaf area were increased significantly. After spray of 0.5% zinc fertilizer to the foliar, the fruit weight increased by 24.7%, soluble solids increased by 10.5%, reductive sugar increased by 27.5% and hardness increased by 23.6% respectively in comparison with control. Foliar application 1% of ZnSO4 fertilizer could increase fruit weight by 40.2%, Vc by 20.4%, soluble sugar by 26.7% and anthocyanin by 75% respectively in comparison with control. The reasonable zinc fertilizer concentration for foliar application of apple trees was 0.5~1.0% in Weibei dry-land.4. Effect of spray manganese fertilizer on apple trees growth and fruit qualityThe results showed that manganese fertilizer can control nutrient element distribution in apple trees and can improve apple fruit quality. Compared with control treatment, 0.4% and 0.8% manganese fertilizer treatment,leaf dry weight and leaf area was increased by 29.1%,34.2%, 59.1%, and 62.5%,respectively. After spray of 0.4% and 0.8% of manganese fertilizer to the foliar, the apple yield increased by 21.0% and 32.5%. To apple fruit quality, the best treatment was spray of 0.8% manganese fertilizer, Vc content increased 25.5%and soluble solid content increased by 33.9% comparison with control. The reasonable manganese fertilizer concentration for foliar application of apple trees was 0.4~0.8% in Weibei dry-land plateau.5. Study on samples-taking method in applying fertilizer according to soil-measuringThe result showed that there had no remarkable difference between taking 14 points and taking total 60 points from one orchard soil samples. Taking 14points from one orchard coule meet the precision requirement when it was judged by the criterion of allowing error in soil abalysis. For organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium,we may decrease the number of sample-taking points,while the number of readily available phosphorus should not be less than 14 because of phosphorus moving difficulty and having variability in soil.
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