Studies Of Related Molecule Marker On Litter Size And Parentage Test In Arctic Fox

The arctic fox was a seasonal oestrus animal. It only bred once in a year. During a oestrum thefemale foxes which were raised in the farms were fertilized with 3 male foxes' sperm. If their parentagecould not be identified, the arctic foxes would be inbreeding. Not only these arctic foxes but also theirfur were bad because of inbreeding.And the tinpot fur would have no competence to be sold in the worldmarket. In order to avoiding inbreesing, it was very important to making a true family tree by testparentage.Litter of size was a important economic character in the arctic foxe farm. If Litter size of arcticfoxes was increased, the arctic foxes' fur would be increased. And economic effect would be gained. Itwas one of important aims to increase litter size of foxes effectively for the fox breeding. Because littersize of arctic fox was a low heritability quantitative character, it was difficult to increase litter size ofarctic fox by general inbreeding technology. But these days it was likely to settle the problem by modernmolecule biologic technology.In order to find out the problem, parentage of a group of foxes was tested through mircosatellite m-arker and some candidate genes on litter size of fox were studied through PCR-SSCP. The results wereas follows.(1)In the test parentage was tested by PCR-SSR successfully in 73 samples for the first time. AndCCE was 99.99%.(2)For the first time part of estrogen receptor (ESR)gene exonl sequence were cloned with ones offollicle-stimulating hormoneβsubunit (FSHβ) gene exon3 sequence and follicle-stimulating hormonereceptor (FSHR) gene exon10 sequence in the arctic fox in the test.(3)Allele frequency of A was more than one of B in ESR gene in arctic foxes.And genotypesfrequencies of AA was more than ones of AB and BB for ESR gene in arctic foxes. Allele frequency of Awas more than one of B for FSHβgene in arctic foxes.And genotypes frequencies of AA was more thanones of AB and BB for FSHβgene in arctic foxes. Allele frequency of C was more than one of D forFSHβgene in arctic foxes.And genotypes frequencies of CC was more than ones of CD and DD forFSHβgene in arctic foxes. Genotypes frequencies for ESR gene and FSHβgene accorded withHardy-Weinberg laws.(4)Significant associations were found for FSHβgne with litter of size in arctic foxes.One mutationlocus was found in ESR exon1.The different genotypes of ESR had a significantly different trendeffect on litter size of arctic fox (P=0. 0591). Two mutation locus were found in FSHβexon3. A110C mutation locus had a significantly different trend effect on litter size of arctic fox(P=0.1226). And A110C mutation locus had a very significantly different trend effect on littersize of arctic fox (P=0.0488).