The Research On Biochemistry Character Related To Noodle Quality Of Chinese Core Collections Germplasm Resource

Wheat was one of the most important food in the world, it was the main food variety on thefood safety, stratage deposit and cereal trade. Before 20 centry 80's, the the research key on wheatof our country was the high yield, steady yield, after 20 centry 80's, the quality-breeding andscreened the high quality varieties from the resource became the research key and the wheatbreeder have selected out lots of high quality varieties and appropriative varieties. Because thedifferent consumption custome and the high requirement of wheat, there were still have lots ofquestion on the wheat breeding.This research based on the 260 varieties (including 17 foreign varieties) which colleted from9 wheat areas of China, and donated by the professor Zhang Xue-yong (Chinese AgriculturalAcademy). We studied several physiological and biochemistry character related to wheat quality,including Waxy gene, the protein content, the kernel protein content and dry grain weightaccumulation during grain filling process, the pentosan content, the activity and isoenzyme ofpolyphenol oxidase during the grain filling process. We hope to choose excellent varieties use towheat breeding. The results are shown as follow:1. 260 varieties collected from 9 wheat areas of China (including 17 foreign varieties) werescreened by waxy gene molecular market and SDS-PAGE in this study, 17 varieties were found beabsent of waxy protein, 2 were the null of Wx-A1 type, they were Mangxiaomai, Chaoanxiaomai;14 were the null of Wx-B1, including Neimai 11, Xiaobaimai, Xiaohongpi, Jiangdongmen, Jichun1016, Chunhong, Hongtuai, Hongtuzi, Fengchan 3, Early Premium, Shanmai, Baidatuo,Hongmangmai, Hongxunmai, Wumangchunmai; Tumangmai was the null of Wx-D1. Thematerials contained the entire three waxy genes, and it was useful to the breeding program; theselected three pairs of primers and its PCR conditions in our study were efficient to screen waywheat.2. The research on defferent variesties indicating: the defferent varieties had differencecontent in protein, and had difference in heredity, the lowest protein content was 11.86% and thehighst was 20.45%. It was also defferent in protein contet with the varieties defferent wheat areascollected. The varieties that can be used to breed noodle wheat were totally 20, includedQianjiaomai, Lovrin 10, Chaoan wheat, Bima4, Shiianzhuang54, Jinan2, Bainong3217,Huangguaxing, Banjiemang, Dakou, Luaoqi, Balmaiza, Qingchun28, Honghua, Cdguandou,Haizhongye, Zhipi, Zhengmai9023, Yanzhang1.The changes curve of landraces protein content was something like the "V" shape; theaccumulation rate was higher than normal conditions, the whole grouting times were fewer 13-18days than normal condition, and the protein comet was also higher than normal condition.The dry grain weight increased gradually with the days after anthesis, and the changes curve wasapproximated to "S" the shape, the accumulation rate was slow at early and late stage, and higherat the middle stage, showed a fast-slow-fast tendency. Because the grouting time was shorting, thedry grain weight between the varieties was more significant, and cause of the high temperature, the 2/3 of the total kemel weight was formed in 9-18 days during the middle filling stage, thisperiods was the key time to the wheat output, we should offer enough nutrion to the wheat tosatisfy its growth.3. The pentosan content diversity was significant in Chinese Core Collections GermPlasmResource, the soluble pentosan content, un-soluble pentosan content and the total pentosan contentwere 0.636%,5.472% and 6.108% respective, the variation range were 0.249%-2.253%,3.734%-8.145% and 4.533%-10.398% respective. The water-soluble pentosan was mainlycentralized in range from 0.4% to 0.7%; the total pentosan was mainly centralized in ranging from0.4% to 0.7%.The varieties pentosans content from different wheat areas were diversity. There was a 5%Significant in water solubale between YHVWR and NWSR; there was a 5% Significant in totalpentosan between NWSR and NEWR, NWR, SCWR, XJWR, and there was a 1% Significant intotal pentosan between NWSR and NEWR, YHVWR. There was not Significant different in watersolubale pentosan between Chinese Core Collections GermPlasm Resource and foreign varieties;there was a 5% Significant in total pentosan between foreign varieties and NWSR, QZWR, andthere was a 1% significant in total pentosan between foreign varieties and NWSR.The water-souble pentosan content of core collection varieties were investigated in ourresearch, the results indicated that 3 varieties were low water-souble pentosan content, included"Dingxinzai", Yan'an 11" and "Zaochunmai", their content were lower than 0.3%; 5 varieties werelow water-solubalepentosan content, included "Zhongyu9507", "Xingshuguang6", "Hongtuzhi","Dingxi4" and "Xingyu4", their content were higher than 1.4%.Four varieties were low in the total pentosan content, included the "Bimai4","Xingshuguan1", "Dingxingzai" and "Nangde2419"collected from foreign, the content werehigher than 4.5% and they can used to breed feedstuff wheat. Four varieties were high in the totalpentosan content, included the "Fengcai3", "Hongtuzi", "Dabaimai", "Xingyu4", "Zhongyuo9507","Chanbuzi" and "Wujiancao" and can used to breed health care wheat.4. There was small diversity on the high molecular PPO iosenzyme in a variety, but therewere biggish diversity on the middle and low molecular PPO iosenzyme, the band color andnumber were different in defferent growth periods. The isoenzyme numbers were different duringthe kernel grouting in different varieties. In the same variety the high molecular isoenzyme bandswere stabilization, and the middle and low molecular isoenzyme band were more changeable.The reseach indicate: among the tested 20 varieties, 8 varieties had high PPO activity:Baihua8, Baiqimai, Anhui3, Jingmai8, Zhiyuanchun, Shuwan8, Zhongyanred19, Neixiang5.During the wheat kernel filling stage, the PPO activity changes were remarkable in differentvarieties; the changes of PPO activity in wheat kernels were dividing into two types: ones changedgently and the others were changed sharply, and the rapid was relativity with its variety, and alsocontrolled by its gene types. These may be the reasons of the why there were different on the PPOactivity. Thus, we can infer the mature kernel PPO activity by the PPO activity of immature kernel,and we can infer the affection to the wheat-food. The research also has important meaning on thewheat-breeding program.