Coordinated Development Methods Between Agriculture, Forestry And Husbandry And Eco-Environment In Ansai Loess Hilly Region

According to the past research results and relevant information from Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, especially from Ansai Station, the natural resource characteristics of the Loess Plateau especially the loess hill and gully region, and the favorable and unfavorable conditions and problems in the agriculture, forestry, fruit and husbandry production, the new requirements, methods and targets of soil and water conservation, environment improvement and sustainable development of social-economy made by the State, and the new situation of implementation of the western development strategy, rehabilitation of the ecological environment and conversion of grain for green, we discussed the modernizing coordinated developing patterns between agriculture, forestry, fruit, husbandry production and ecological environment.1. The historical landscape studies showed that many regions of the Loess Plateau were covered with flourishing forests and grass, it of which forest coverage rate was as high as 69% had a good environmental ecosystem. But as the population grows and the deforestation for traditional farming continues, the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau becomes worse and worse. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the forest coverage rate which was 6.1% in 1949 has significantly decreased because of several serious damages to vegetation, now it is stronger of the soil erosion. So, unreasonable land use is the main reason for serious soil and water loss in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau. Now soil and water loss is the top ecological environment problem in the Basin of the Yellow River.2. We have analyzed the advantages, main constraints and problems of agriculture development in Ansai County. The complex and varied land types were suitable for the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, fruit and husbandry. However, it is hard to control soil and water loss, improve the broken terrain and increase the soil fertility; it is arid climate and has frequent natural disasters; the education, transportation, communication and commodity production has lagged behind, which affect the regional economic development. Especially in the past, the traditional grain-based and extensive cultivation with low yield which is called self-sufficiency peanut economy and over-grazing have severely damaged the ecological environment and production conditions, it must be thoroughly changed. The research about eco-agriculture conserving soil and water and the entity model inZhifanggou small watershed of Ansai County and Yangou watershed of Baota District by Institute of Soil and Water Conservation proved that the development between ecology and economy would be coordinated and virtuously cyclical.3. The initial development approaches about Ansai County have been proposed1) Land use structures of eco-economy type. It is that farmland, orchard and economic forest lands are about 20%~30%, which is the basic farmland, we implement intensive farming in the best land which is about 20%~30% to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency, then, we can obtain the necessary food and economic benefits; we conversed slop farmland which is about 60%~70% of the total area to woodland or grassland in order to improve eco-environment, at the same time, we develop forestry and animal husbandry industries to obtain economic benefits somewhat.2) Agricultural development direction and patterns: to strengthen basic farmland construction (including water conservancy facilities), fundamentally to change the backward type of extensive cultivation with low yield. To achieve 2 to 3 Mu basic farmland per person in the whole county as early as possible; to adjust the traditional crop production structure; to improve the organization system of agriculture technology popularization, to popularize quality and high yield planting techniques, promote the quality and yield per unit area, achieve food self-sufficiency and ensure food security.3) According to the zone characteristics of vegetation and the sub-divisions of climate and vegetation in Ansai County, we must rationally allocate forest, orchard and grass in different land. More attention to the intensive economic orchard and the management techniques of quality and high-yield cultivation must be paid. We should seriously converse farmland to woods and close hillsides to facilitate afforestation and restore natural vegetation, of which the cover rate would be more than 50%.4) Try to keep "one town, one brand", to develop the village commodity economy, industrialize the agriculture and animal husbandry production, and found the main product brand of the town or the whole county. It is a scientific way to develop the coordinated and sustainable economy-ecology and modern agriculture.5) Actively carry out experiments and demonstrations about "determining the number of livestock by the area and productivity of grassland, grazing alternately around summer and fall, fattening the livestock around winter and spring, promoting the number for sale and commodity rates". To explore the rational use of natural grassland resources, find out the scientific ways and models to develop the modern husbandry.4. According to "Program of Action for Sustainable Development in China in the Early 21st Century" and "National Construction Program of Eco-Environment", with the national strategy about the western region development, adhering to the Scientific Outlook on Development, if we really work hard from now, it would be a harmonious eco-economic system alike picturesque scenery of the loess hill and gully region.