Studies On Bionomics And Artificial Rearing Methods Of Maruca Testulalis Geyer

The Maruca testulalis Geyer is one of the primary pests on legumina.The research of M.testulalis's bionomics could provide theoretical foundation for the IPM.The bionomics and the artificial rearing methods of M.testulalis were studied by field investigation and the indoor tests.The main results are as follows:1.The morphology of the larvae,pupae,adult and egg were observed in this paper.The long-diameter and short-diameter of its flat-elliptical egg were 0.60±0.01 mm and 0.40±0.02 mm,respectively. The larval stage generally had five stadia.The body color of early larva was canary yellow,and then the body-color diversity of larva due to the environment changes.the color of the larval caput and pronotary were yellow-brown and black brown,respectively.There were 4 verruca with 2 setae in the front row on the shields of mesothorax and metathorax: but in the back row there was not seta,only 2 spots.The abdominal leg crochet was biordinal penellipse crochet.The cocoons of pupa included two layers,the length and width were 18mm and 8mm,respectively,and the pupal length was about 11～13mm and 2.5～3.0mm.The adult body-color had yellow brown type and black brown type.2.The helmet breadth of M.testulalis for the1^stinstar,2^ndinstar,3^rd instar,4^thinstar,and 5^thinstar larvae were determined respectively as 0.197±0.001mm,0.325±0.009mm,0.536±0.003mm,0.889±0.006mm, 1.471±0.004mm.The ratio of the neighboring helment breadths was 1.64.3.At 18℃,the developmental durations of the 1^st5thlarvae were 3.15±0.81d,3.0±0.8d,2.5±0.7d,3.7±0.9d and 5.7±1.5d,respectively. At 32℃,those were 1.7±0.6d,1.1±0.3d,1.2±0.5d,1.2±0.5d and 1.3±0.6d.The developmental threshold temperature of M.testulalis larva was 9.857℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was 187.2 degree·day.4.Emergence period of the adult was from 20:00 to 24:00,and the ratio was 0.94(?):1.00♀.The adult had weak phototaxis.The mating mostly occured from 22:00 to 23:00,and it lasted about 1h.5.The primary natural enemies were Trathala flavo-orbitalis(Cam.), Phynchium bruneumc Fabricius,Orius mnutus Linnaeus,Pheriosiogys hassiebsus Mor,and Drosophilidae.In the field of Changsha,about fifty percent of larvae and pupas were parasitized,and T.flavo-orbitalis is the most important parasitic wasp.6.Among six formulas of artificial food,Formula Five and Formula Six surpass the others.The survival rate of larvae,developmental period and pupal weight were similar to these of contrapositive food(fresh buds and young pods)...