| Ecological environment is the essential condition of survival and development for our human being, and also the basis of the development of economy and society. Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin is an important ecological headstream and now has become an ecological barrier of Huaihe River Basin. Its quality of ecological environment constrains the development of ec onomy and society and even the protection of ecological environment in other areas of Huaihe River Basin. The ecological condition of Huaihe River Basin is very serious.Therefore ecological compensation is the necessary condition of preventing and solving environmental problems. A variety of ecological compensation measures have been implemented in the process of ecological construction in Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin. However, what lacks there are normalized ecological compensation policies. The policy system and estimation system are not perfect. Therefore, it is very necessary and reasonable to construct ecological compensation mechanism.In this paper,on the base of mastering the research actuality of ecological compensation at home and abroad, the author analyzes and sums up the successful experiences and existent problems of the domain of ecological environment construction, and then brings forward the concept, theoretical basis and principles of ecological compensation.With some reasonable theories and methods as the theory basis and studying method of this study and by analyzing and summing up the actuality and the causes of ecological problems in Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin, the author brings forward the necessity of constructing the ecological compensation mechanism in Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin. this paper constructs ecological compensation estimation system. According Game theory to analyze and estimate the policy of returning land to farming and forestry. According the value of the ecological services to divide the ecological compensation types so as to adjust measures to local conditions for the purpose of complement according to different types.At last, according theoretical efficiency and fairnees to divide compensation of different compensation districts. At last, suggesting the ecological compensation policy of Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin. Main research contents and results in the article are as follows: It makes a study of the theory and the implementing actuality of the ecological c onstruction compensation and sum up the headway and problems of this domainat home and abroad. Based on this, it brings forward the concept, rationale and principle of ecological compensation, which offers the academic gist and studying method to implement ecological construction compensation in Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin .It covers the actuality of nature, society,economy,and ecological environment, to lay the precondition and basis for the ecological compensation mechanism.The author analyzes the necessity of constructing ecological compensation mechanism in Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin, Then analyzing the compensation object,compensation subject, compensation way and compensation net systemically. And to search for the mechanism of mutual influence among every ingredient of ecological compensation, construct the net of ecological construction compensation and bring forward the estimate method of ecological construction compensation form a necessary part of this chapter. Main results in the article are as follows: Ecological construction needs government's compensation in the initial stage, but keeping the best ecological environment depends on market and people's consciousness; Ecological compensation of Rocky Mountain Huaihe River Basin puts into three categories: more compensation district, general compensation district, less compensation district; following theoretical efficiency and fairness, compensation is different in different compensation districts. Following the ecological compensation estimation system,this paper raises ecological compensation policies.
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