Primary Study On Optimize Design And Distribution Of The Artificial Reef

With the decline of fishery resources worldwide and increased conservation of the marine environment, the restoration of fish stocks inshore has become a focus of the public. Many countries enhance fisheries management, meanwhile make great efforts to improve fisheries ecological environment. Artificial reefs are considered as an important method to solve this problem. They can multiple and attract diversiform halobios by proper manufacture and disposition. Moreover, they can supply the habitat in order to bait, breed and growth for fish, and protect and multiple fishery resources, thereby increase the output and quality of fish catches.This paper summarizes the development experience of oversea artificial reefs, such as, Japan and America, and specifies the status of the domestic. Because of the government's firmly support and the researcher's work, the technology of artificial reefs has been improving gradually in china. The practices show that the ecological and economic profit has obtained greatly achievement in many sea regions.Now, there isn't a complete system of design criterion of artificial reefs in china, and the construction of them hasn't formed a pattern. The aim of this paper is to optimize the design and construction of artificial reefs according to the effect to ecosystem and the relationship between reefs and biology. There are several factors need to be considered, such as, position selection, material and style, the style of deposition and arrangement, the species of fishery resources in deposited area, weather, the status of hydrology and the situation of sea floor.On the side of figure optimization of artificial reefs, the author has explained the material selection by four criterions, and selected five representative reefs, which conclude cage reef, frame reef, triangle reef, trapezia reef and variant reef, and compute and analyze the parameter of each performance, such as, the volume of concrete, surface area and empty volume. The comparisons of them have been done and obtained several important factors that may affect the capability of reefs, including attachment area and current effect etc.For the design of concrete boat reef and triangle reef, the author computed and discussed the capability of reefs, the construction, deposition afterward on the side of the size, figure and material of reef according to local construction condition and request. The main size of the boat reef is 12000mm×4000mm×3000mm, 150mm thick, and the main configuration is a hull. The author also computed the sea gauge, steady nature and resistance of the reef. The main size of the triangle reef is 3346mm×3300mm in hemline, and 3300mm×2000mm in side. The angle between two sides is 90o; the wall is 100mm thick.For the distribution of the artificial reefs, it needs to analyze some factors in deposition area, such as, the water depth, velocity and the multiplication object. This paper analyzed the area that in the isobath of 30m, where will be measured off 10 reef groups, one of which includes 12 reef units. The size of every reef group is 400m×600m ,and the space between reef groups is 550-650m. One reef unit is a square with the side length 80m. To every reef unit, distribution of boat reefs and triangle reefs under sea bottom will be analyzed.The computing and design of reefs supply the reference for practice. But further study is needed to unfold. Comparing with the technology of oversea, there is even some distance on the side of construction of artificial reefs in China. It needs uninterrupted research in a long period for marine researcher, the research about material, construction, deposition method and environment of deposited position. In this way, we could make the marine environment get a steady and corresponding development when the marine resources are exploited.