Analysis Of Genetic Variation In Three Types Of Rapeseed Local Germplasm Resources (B.napus L.,B.campestris L. And B.juncea L.) From Sichuan

Rapeseed is the important oil crop in China and in the world. Brassica juncea L.,Brassica campestris L.and Brassica napus L. are the main three types in oilseed. Thesolid material base for utilizing rapeseed heterosis is provided by the rapeseedabundant local germplasm resources. Sichuan is the main province cultivatingrapeseed in China. There are very abundant rapeseed local germplasm resources inSichuan and Sichuan is the generally acknowledged original center for Brassicajuncea L.and Brassica campestris L.. The rapeseed local germplasm resources wouldbe protected and utilized more effectively, the genetic relationships among differentrapeseed resources were studied, the specific resources were found and the newresources were created by molecular biotechnology. In this study, 73 resources inB.juncea L. from Sichuan or other regions, 141 resources in B.campestris L. fromSichuan, and 64 resources in B.napus L. from Sichuan or other regions were selected,the genetic relationships among them were studied using RAPD markers, SSRmarkers, botanical characters and cluster analyzing. The main results were asfollows:The genetic different between resources in B.juncea L. from Sichuan and fromYunnan,Guizhou and other regions was obvious. There was abundant genetic diversity in resources in B.juncea L. from Sichuan. The genetic relationships amongresources from different ecological regions or resources from the same ecologicalregions were near or far, decided by the specific ecological environment and thebehavior of human. The genetic relationship and the genetic distance could beidentified by RAPD marker cluster analyzing or botanical character cluster analyzing.But the results from RAPD marker cluster analyzing were more reliable. The testedresources were divided into three groups and 13 units in the RAPD marker clusteranalyzing. Qiubeiheiyoucai from Yunnan was the first group, more likely a specialoriginal resource. The majority resources in the second group were come fromYunnan. The majority resources in the third group were come fromSichuan(including Chongqing). The second group was divided into two sub-groups.The majority resources in one were come from Guizhou and the majority resourcesin the other were come from Guizhou and Yunnan. The third group was also dividedinto two sub-groups. The majority resources in one were come from the regions outof Sichuan and the majority resources in the other were come from Sichuan. Thetested resources were divided into six groups and 28 units in the botanical charactercluster analyzing. The resources in the first group were come from Sichuan(includingChongqing). The resources in the second group were come from Sichuan andGuizhou. The majority resources in the third group were come from Yunnan-Guizhouplateau and Qinghai-Xizang plateau. The majority resources in the fourth group werecome from Liangshan region in Sichuan and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. B.carinata L.come from Ethiopia and Changningbendihuangyoucai come from Sichuan were thefifth group. The majority resources in the sixth group were come from EasternSichuan, Liangshan region in Sichuan and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau.The total amplified bands were 215 in the local resources in B. campestris L.from Sichuan amplified by 23 RAPD polymorphism primers. The polymorphismbands were 152, 6.61bands per primer and the ratio of polymorphism sites was70.7%. The polymorphism bands of primer BRK15 and SBSC19 were all 10 and theratio of polymorphism sites of the latter was 90.91%. The polymorphism bands ofprimer SBSF01 and SBSF16 were all 4 and the ratio of polymorphism sites was57.14%. The ratio of polymorphism sites of 23 primers all was over 55%. The total amplified bands were 59 in the local resources in B. campestris L. from Sichuanamplified by 9 SSR polymorphism primers. The polymorphism bands were 37,4.11 bands per pair of primers and the ratio of polymorphism sites was 62.71%. Thepolymorphism bands of primer 3L/3R was 6 and the ratio of polymorphism sites was75.0%. The polymorphism bands of primer A2 was 2 and the ratio of polymorphismsites was 50.0%. The ratio of polymorphism sites of 9 primers all was over 50%.The results indicated that there was abundant genetic diversity in the local rapeseedresources in B.campestris L. from Sichuan. It was possible that a few resources werethe same one but having different names. The genetic relationship and the geneticdistance could be identified by RAPD marker or SSR marker. The polymorphism ofRAPD marker was more abundant and its reliable was lower, and the specificity ofSSR marker was more stronger and the reliable was little high.3. The 64 tested resources in B.napus L. were divided into three groups in theRAPD marker cluster analyzing. The majority resources in the first group were comefrom foreign countries. The majority resources in the second group were come fromSichuan(including Chongqing). The majority resources in the third group were comefrom Sichuan or were approved varieties in China. The genetic relationship amongdifferent resources was displayed in the cluster tree, e.g. Nongpingshengliyoucai(28)and the majority foreign resources were clustered in the first group. It indicated thatthe main characters of the variety Nongpingshengliyoucai(28) were as the originalones introduced from Japan. But the majority resources and approved varieties inChina in the second and third groups were different ecotypes from it. 3529-5 line(63)selected from foreign resources and the majority foreign resources were clustered inthe same group. The genetic distance between Nonglin No.43(7) come from Japanand canola(8) come from Canada was very short, indicated their origin probably wasthe same. The genetic distance between 90-5047(48) come from Sichuan and theothers was most long, indicated it was probably a special original resource. Thegenetic distance between Ly19(15) from Sichuan andâ…¢-253(23) bred by SAAS wasthe shortest, indicated the latter was probably line-bred from the former. The geneticdistance betweenâ…¢-228(16) bred by SAAS and the restorer Yu22R(30) bred bySAAS was shorter, indicated the latter was probably line-bred from the former. The genetic distance between Wuxitezao No.2(20) and the resources come from foreigncountries was shorter. The genetic distance between Ruishiyoucai(32), Keleisu(47)and Hj282470(43) and the resources from Sichuan was shorter. The results indicatedthat The genetic different between the resources come from Sichuan and approvedvarieties in China and the resources come from foreign countries was obvious. Thegenetic different between the resources come from Sichuan and approved varietiesin China was obvious. The polymorphism in the resources in B.napus L. fromSichuan was very abundant. The reliable in RAPD marker cluster analyzing forSichuan resources in B.napus L. was little high.