Classication Of Morels And Analysis Of The Microorganism Population Within Morels Growth Soil In Yunnan

Morels artificially cultivation methods have not obtained effective breakthrough until now, half ariticailly cultivation requests casing-soil with beneficial microorganisms which can stimulate morels to produce fruit body. Therefore, it may be a convenient way in Morels successfully cultivation to find out the beneficial microorganisms and imitate the wild environments.This research focused on ecology of morels. PCR-DGGE method was used to find out the dominant bacterial population which was closely relevant to Morels growth by comparing the soils where Morels grew or not. Also the differences of the bacterial population in soils from different Morels cultivation areas could be noticed. We hope this work will provide a useful reference for the future research in Morels artificially cultivation and other fields. The main research works were discussed below:1,Morels resources are abundant in Yunnan. Fourteen Morels isolates(including three from Zhejiang Province) were selected on the basis of differences in fruit body morphology. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers(ITS) were amplified in each case using the universal primer pairs, ITS₁ and ITS₄, and the amplification products were purified and sequenced. Comparisons with sequence datas in GenBank revealed that the 11 Morels isolates collected from Yunnan could be divided into four species: Morchella elata, Morchella conica, Morchella crassipes and Morchella costata. Based on existing information, this is the first report of M. costata in Yunnan Province. The three isolates collected from Zhejiang Province were designated as unknown Morels species. If Verpa conica(AJ544206)(from the genus Verpa belonging to the same family as Morchella) was taken as the outgroup, then the 14 isolates could be divided into three groups, M. elata, M. costata(Group 1); Morchella esculenta, M. conica(Group 2); and M. crassipes and M₁₂, M₁₃ and M₁₄(Group 3)).2,Endogenetic microorganisms were extremely rich and had certain functions to host's growth. The lack of the knowledge about the endogenetic bacterial in Morels fruitbody have lagged our realization to the Morels cultivation. This study focused on endophytes of morels by using the PCR-DGGE method which avoided the limitation of pure culture methods. The results showed that, PCR-DGGE method was a useful tool for the analysis of microorganism population in morels. Endophytes in 4 samples were found with some similarities, but without certain regularity.3,Through the PCR-DGGE method, the experimental results showed that:â‘ bacteria: the total sequenced 15 kinds of Bacteria which were taken from 4 kinds of soil samples mainly belonged to Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In the 15 kinds of bacteria, 5～7 kinds belonged to Bacteroidetes, 2～3 kinds belonged to Actinobacteria, and 2 kinds belonged to Firmicutes. The dominant bacterium population in the 4 soil samples were almost the same. While slight differences of dominant bacterium population were observed by comparing the 4 soil samples with the nearby vegetable garden soil.â‘¡Fungi: In the morels growth soil, the sequenced fungi belonged to Pezizomycotina and Hymenomycetes. in which 10 kinds were Pezizomycotina and 2 kinds were Hymenomycetes. According to comparison with control, notable differences were observed among Pezizomycotina communities.Therefore, we infered that there may be existing certain kind of microorganism which could stimulate morels to accomplish the whole life. And these microorganism may be related to the fungi belonged to Pezizomycotina.In this study, we found different types of bacteria and fungi existed in morels growth soil. We also concluded that the fungi belonged to Pezizomycotina were the most common species in the growth soil. However, it was not certain that there was any relationships between the Pezizomycotina fungi and the growth of morels. Therefore, we suggested that further study should be carried out in this field conbined with the casing-soil cultivation research in which growth of Pezizomycotina could be noticed often.