Study On Anatomical Structure, Biomass And Antibiotic Of Equisetum In Shanxi

Equisetum belongs to Pteridophyta, Sphenophytina, Sphenopsida, Equisetales and Equisetaceae. The Equisetum plants was small and medium-sized, perennial herb, the environment that they live is native, wet land or shallow hydrophily. Equisetum can be found all over my country. The main medicinal ingredient of Equisetum is flavone. The whole herb is used as medicine, it can cure epistaxis, menorrhagia, urinary tract infections, stomach pack, asthma, hemoptysis, hemorrhoids bleeding, and promote the lead emissions from animal body. It also can be used to treat lead poisoning rheumatism, gout and nephritis. Carbinol extract has the effect to cure myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, water extract can reduce blood pressure. In addition, the E. pratense alkali with a strong inhibitory effect can be used in the treatment of neurasthenia, depression, schizophrenia and so on.From June 2005 to August 2006, author had collected Equisetum plants in four protected areas of Shan Xi Province. As a result, five and a variant species Equisetum plants was found. The research of anatomical structure, biomass and antibiotic were provided with a certain significance in rational exploitation and using.Author had a study about the five species and a variety of Equisetum plants in epidermis cells and analytical structure and the cross-section. Used conventional methods to transect, analyses their stems, then prepared section, observed and got the average and absolute standard deviation. The results showed that the cross-section structure of Equisetum was more stable, and the interspecies diversity was more obvious, so it could be used as one of the features in taxonomy. The epidermal features of Equisetum had great similarity. The stomatal apparatus's types were basically anomocytic or irregularly-cell type, but the epidermal cell size and the guard-cell size had obvious difference among the different species, even in the same species . Thus it could not be a feature in taxonomy, because not any apparent regularity could be found. But the epidermal features were of great significance in plant's evolutionary adaptation. The analysis of structural character could provide the evidence for classification and medicinal identification of Equisetum.Author had studied biomass about the five species and one variation of Equisetum. Measured the longitude, latitude, altitude, slope, slope direction, coverage and the average height of every sampling spot, and separately measured each 5cm dry weight of Equisetum included the aboveground and underground parts. The results indicated that the biomass of every species concentrated on the aerial part close to the ground. This account was above 50% of the total. The biomass of different species in the specific distribution of vertical direction was closely related with its form, branch and biological characteristics. The branch close to the ground of E. arvense was long, then gradually became short. So the biomass mainly concentrated on the part close to the ground about 0-15cm.E. sylvaticum was lower, it was multi-level branches and nearly horizontal, so its biomass mainly concentrated on the part close to the ground about 0-5 cm. E. pretense was higher than other species. The length of the aboveground branches was sameness, so the vertical change of the biomass about 0-20 cm was very inconspicuous. But the part of the aboveground of this specie was slim and fragile, so underground parts of the biomass were relatively high. The form of E. Fluviatileand and E. Fluviatile var. linnaeanum were similar to E. arvense, so was the biomass.Adopting slip diffusion method, author had a study in antibiotic of the five species and one variation species, the effect had been got by measuring the inhibition of different length in the water extract and alcohol extract. The results showed that two extract of Equisetum had different effect to the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The effect was related with the tested bacteria types and the Equisetum species. Maybe the content and antibacterial ingredients of different species are different. From what had been discussed above, some Equisetum species had a great value in controlling of harmful organisms and treatment of diseases.