Genetic Diversity Of Camellia Japonica In Zhejiang Province

Camellia japonica is a kind of famous ornamental flower. Boasting the value of appreciation, C. japonica distributing naturally in the province of Shandong, Zhejiang and Jiangxi et al in China is a important part of the biodiversity, which has the possession of potentially substantial value in the urban construction and the produce of flowerage. In a long period, however, there has being a lack of systematical investigation for the resources of C. japonica in China. No one knows the exactly situation about this kind of resources. At the same time, under the effect of both of natural and man-made factor in the recent years, the habitat o f C. japonica is decreasing dramatically. Based on integrated investigations and quantity research methods of the existing species of C.japonica in Zhejiang province in detail , The main results were as follows:1.According to the investigation, the author concluded that existing the abundance of the biodiversity within the species, Zhejiang Province is the natural center of distribution of C. japonica. It distributes mainly in the sidehill towards the sea or under the forest of the circumlittoral island, such as Zhujiajian island, Mt.Putuo NP and Taohua island, Ningbo and Taizhou also has some few natural C.japonica. There is a certain amount of numbers, and they are in a good growing situation. But there is so fewer amount of natural populations,that it is necessary to enforce the preservation of this kind of resources and the conservation of its habitat.2.Pollen morphology of 4 C. japonica, a camellia cultivar and 2 C. chekiangoleosa were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regular pollen camellia grains were 3-crack round, 3-crack obtuse triangle on the polar sides, ovate, ellipse, on the equator sides. Except for some continuous changes, the morphology and exine sculpture of pollens from different populations were similar. The pollen wall ultrastructure and exine of C. japonica were devided into 2 types, rugulate-fossulate and fovolate-reticulate, and the sculpture of C. chekiangoleosa is granulate to regulate-granulate. The features in species studied will serve as good taxonomic characters. 3.On the basis of outdoor investigation, 4 natural populations from Zhejiang province and 48 morphological characters were measured for the purpose of C.japonica's morphological diversity. Analysis of variance for all characteristics were significantly different between populations. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.0603-0.5595,maximal mean CV of characters is ramification number(0.5595), minimal mean CV is the chapiter craze number(0.0603). Compared with plant characters, the variations of flowers and leaves, including color, size and form are uncontinuous and vary within populations, showing high taxonomic value.Within 4 populations, DPS(CV=0.2200) had the obvious variation and ZJJ(CV=0.1980) is opposite. F-test of one way analysis of variance among populations and within population proved that the morphological diversity is higher in population than different populations. 4 populations and 36 characters were analysed by using numerical taxonomic methods. Q cluster analysis found the difference of geographic. R cluster analysis revealed that the relationship among those characters.4.By using EcoRâ… -Mseâ… digest and 6 primers, a suitable silver-staining AFLP system for C.japonica is optimized. Clear DNA fingerprints are obtained, which mean success in DNA extraction, restriction, double amplification, and the staining techniques. 359 bands were amplified by 6 informative and reliable primers screened , of which 334(93.04 % )were polymorphic. Genetic differentiation cofficient among populations was 0.1028,which indicated genetic differentiation mainly occurred within populations.The level of genetic diversity of C.japonica was relatively high in terms of Nei's gene diversity index(1.9387)and Shannon's information index(0.4980). Genetic diversity difference among populations was relatively high based on the percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL)ranged from 72.98% to 86.07%, Nei'S gene diversity index ranged from 0.2124 to 0.2860, an d shannon's information index ranged from 0.3253 to 0.4294, the genetic diversity levels of population Zhujiajian(ZJJ) was higher than other populations investigated. UPGMA cluster analysis was performed based on Nei and Li genetic similarity, however, the clades formed including 4 populations differed form cluster by geographic distance.This research is an academic basis for the further study of construction of preserve, selection and breeding of cultivars, the conservation and employing of natural resources, biological diversity and affinity of C.japonica.