Effects Of Rearing Conditions On Growth,Meat Quality,Biochemical Parameters In Dairy Bull Calves

48 healthy Holstein bull calves were randomly divided into four groups , the group were feed whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate, milk replacers and concentrate respectively.Then the growth, meat quality and biochemical parameters of six month Holstein bull calves were testing , and analyzed difference among these characters through analysis of variance. Correlation between sero-enzyme and growth and meat quality of bull calves were analyzed ,to investigate changing rule of sero-enzyme in growth process, which provided evidence for feeding Holstein bull calves and producting high-quailty meat. Results as followed.1. There were significant viariance among growth traits on conditiong of four feeding styles.Weight in whole period was higher by feeding whole milk than the other feeding ways.It was lower by feeding concentrate than the other three groups, and the result of whole milk plus concentrate group was conformity to that of whole milk group when bull calves were less than three months, which was higher significantly than milk replacers and concentrate group(P<0.01)But when after three months ,it was coincident to milk placer and concentrate group and lower significantly extremely than whole milk group(P<0.01). When dairy bull calves were six months old, weigh of whole milk group was highest ,which was 245.50kg, and daily gain was 1.106 ,which was higher than the other three groups significantly extremely. These illustrated that whole milk group was better than the other groups in growth velocity and production trait of Holstein bull calves.However, it was possible that milk placer could not be satisfied to growth and development by calves.2. There was significant difference among four feeding styles of dairy bull calces.When it comes to meat traits, whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer group were 1.52%,0.83%,1.25% lower respectively in water loss rate than in concentrate group,when diary bull calves were three months old , and 10.14%,8.79%,9.67% higher significantly in water holding capacity(P<0.05). But when six months old, 60%,2.06%, 2.52% lower respectively in water loss rate, 10.48%,11.30%,10.40% higher in water holding capacity, and 1.33 kg/cm2,1.29 kg/cm2,1.26 kg/cm2 lower significantly extremely in tendreness. In aspect of meat color, it was higher in concentrate group than the other three groups when three and six months old. All above indicated that group of whole milk,whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer was lighter in meat color than concentrate group ,but tender and more sappiness.In the aspect of amino acids and metal ion content, threonine and glumatic acid content was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups, when three minths old(P<0.05). Isoleucine content was higher significantly in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group, and difference was significant (P<0.05). amidocaproic acid, tyrosine ,Phenylalanine and lysine content was lower significantly extremely in milk placer than in the other group(sP<0.01).Total content of amino acids was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups(P<0.05).When six months old of bull calves, threonine and serine content was higher significantly extremely in milk placer group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Glutamic acid content was higher in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate group,and difference was significant extremely (P<0.01). Cystine and Leucine content was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01). Methionine content was lower significantly extremely in concentrate group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Isoleucine content was higher significantly eextremely in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate(P<0.01),and higher significantly than in whole milk plus concentrate group,however, it was higher significantly in whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.05). In this study, the result that Mn was negative relative to Zn in whole milk plus concentrate group was coincident to predecessor's report, but whole milk group had no vir-repression. When it comes to content of microelement required, whole milk group was higher than the other three groups.Content of phenylalanine was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and milk placer group than in whole milk plus concentrate group(P<0.01). Lysine and histidine content in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group was higher significantly extremely than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01).Difference was not significant in content of metalion among four groups at calves'three months old(P>0.05). When six months old, content of K,Na,Ca,Fe all had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).Content of Zn was higher in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group.difference was significant extremely (P<0.01).Content of Mn in whole milk plus concentrate was lower significantly extremely than in the other groups(P<0.01). In aspect of fatty acid, content of oleic acid would increase along with age increasing. In the age of three months old, content of cardamom olefinic acid was higher significantly extremely in whole milk group than in the other groups(P<0.01).Content of oleic acid and palmitinic acid in milk placer was lower than that in the other groups,difference was significantly extremely(P<0.01).Content of linolic acid in milk placer was 29.88%, higher significantly extremely than the other three groups(P<0.01). Content of searic aid in whole milk plus concentrate group and milk placer group was lower significant than in whole milk and concentrate group(P<0.05).In group of milk placer, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid was 67.03% and 30.52%, respectively, which was higher significantly extremely than the other three groups. Relative amount of saturated fatty acid was 32.97%, lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). In age of six months , content of oleinic acid in each group was that: whole milk>whole milk+concentrate> milk placer and concentrate group, and had a extremely significant difference(P<0.01).In group of milk placer, linoleic acid content was 22.55%, lower significantly extremely than the other group(sP<0.01).So was stearic acid.In this group, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid ,essential fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was 75.43%, 7.15% and 24.57% ,respectively.,lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). All these indicated that milk placer and concentrate group was inferior to whole milk group in meat production performance,but the former was rich in unsaturated fatty acid, coincident with public requirement. And content of essential fatty acid was higher at age of three months than six months, so three months was better than six months if pursuing essential fatty acid purely.3.There was significant relativity between biochemical indicator of blood and growth traits, meat quality of dairy bull calves.It was a positive correlation between activity of GPT , GOT and economic character.GPT was positive relative to Mn, palmitinic acid and isoleucine, and negative relative to essential fatty acid, siginificantly ( P<0.05 ) .GOT was negative relative significantly to isoleucine,and positive to palmitinic acid(P<0.05).AKP was positive relative significantly to weight , daily weight, and tendernes(sr=0.3144,r=0.2986,r=0.2954,P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between LAD and tenderness, and it was significant(r=-0.3098 ,P<0.05).It was positive relative to meat color, water holding capacity, unsaturated fatty acid, and essential fatty acid (P<0.05), but , negtive to water loss rate, amino acid content and saturated fatty acid(P<0.05).CT was negative relative to linoleic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid, which was significant extremely(r=-0.4945, r=-0.5154,r=-5655,P<0.01), however, positive to lysine and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). Albumin was positive relative to water holding capacity, leucine, palmitinic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid(P<0.05), and negative siganificantly to linolic acid and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). At the same time, the result of this study also illustrated four feeding style could promote metabolism and growth and development by changing biochemical indicator of blood.